Back to AI Flashcard MakerBiology /A-level Biology - 3.1.2 Cells and Cell Structure Part 3
Describe the function of the Golgi apparatus (5x)
Receives proteins from ER/moves to Golgi Modifies proteins Proceses/packages them into vesicles Vesicle is moved to plasma membrane Fuses with it/excoytosis
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Key Terms
Term
Definition
Describe the function of the Golgi apparatus (5x)
Receives proteins from ER/moves to Golgi Modifies proteins Proceses/packages them into vesicles Vesicle is moved to plasma membrane Fuses with it/exco...
What is the function of a cell wall?
Supports cell and prevents them from changing shape (Cell wall is permeable to allow solutions to pass in and out)
What is a lysosome?
Tiny bag of digestive enzymes, surrounded by a single membrane
What is the function of lysosome?
Can digest invading cells or break down worn out components of cell Keeps digestive enzymes away from cytoplasm
Describe the structure of a ribosome
Has no outer membrane Contains 2 sub-units
What is the function of ribosome?
Site of protein synthesis (mRNA used to assemble proteins from amino acids)
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| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
Describe the function of the Golgi apparatus (5x) | Receives proteins from ER/moves to Golgi Modifies proteins Proceses/packages them into vesicles Vesicle is moved to plasma membrane Fuses with it/excoytosis |
What is the function of a cell wall? | Supports cell and prevents them from changing shape (Cell wall is permeable to allow solutions to pass in and out) |
What is a lysosome? | Tiny bag of digestive enzymes, surrounded by a single membrane |
What is the function of lysosome? | Can digest invading cells or break down worn out components of cell Keeps digestive enzymes away from cytoplasm |
Describe the structure of a ribosome | Has no outer membrane Contains 2 sub-units |
What is the function of ribosome? | Site of protein synthesis (mRNA used to assemble proteins from amino acids) |
Describe the structure of a cell vacuole | Membrane-bound organelle found in cytoplasm of plant cells Surrounding membrane is called tonoplast |
What is the function of a vacuole? | Maintain pressure inside cell & keep them rigid (stops plants wilting) Storage of waste |
Name 4 similarities between eukaryotes and prokaryotes | Plasma membrane Cytoplasm DNA & RNA Ribosomes |
Name 4 structural differences between eukaryotes and prokaryotes | Prokaryotes have: Smaller ribosomes (70s type) No true nucleus (free, floating circular DNA) No membrane-bound organelles Cell wall made from the glycoprotein murein |
Name 4 additional features that prokaryotic cells can have | Flagella Pili Plasmids Capsule |
What is a flagellum? | Hair-like structure that rotates to make prokaryotic cells move |
What are pili? | Hair like projections that allows bacteria to stick to and communicate with one another |
What are plasmids? | Small loops of DNA (contain genes for things like antibiotic resistance) |
What are capsules made of? | Secreted slime |
What is the function of a capsule? | Protects bacteria from attack by cells of immune system |
Viruses are … | Not cells = Acellular |
What are viruses essentially? | Just nucleic acids surround by protein = not even alive |
What do viruses do? | Invade and reproduce inside the cells of other organisms |
Name 3 features of viruses | Contain core of genetic material - either DNA or RNA Have protein coat around core called capsid Have attachment proteins which stick out from edge of the caspid |
Why do the viruses have attachment proteins? | They allow them to cling on to a suitable host cell |
What is cell fractionation? | Process which cells are broken up and organelles they contain are separated out |
Name the 3 stages in cell fractionation | Homogenisation - Breaking Up the Cells Filtration Ultracentrifugation - Separating the Organelles |
What happens in stage 1 (homogenisation) of cell fractionation? | Cells broken up by homogeniser (blender) Added to solution |
Why do you break up the cells? | To breaks up the plasma membrane and release the organelles |