Biology NEET - XI: Chapter 16- Digestion and Absorption Part 2
Proteins yield 5.65 kilocalories per gram, but due to incomplete digestion and nitrogen loss, the usable energy is slightly lower (~4 kcal/g). They are mainly used for growth and repair.
What are the teeth attached to the side of the jaw called?
Pleurodont
Key Terms
What are the teeth attached to the side of the jaw called?
Pleurodont
Pleurodont teeth are present in
Reptiles
Acrodont teeth are found in
Amphibians and fishes
Which part of pharynx receives the eustachian tube?
Nasopharynx
Which part of pharynx have gullet and glottis?
Laryngopharynx
What is waldayer's ring?
Ring of lymphoid tissue in pharynx
Related Flashcard Decks
Study Tips
- Press F to enter focus mode for distraction-free studying
- Review cards regularly to improve retention
- Try to recall the answer before flipping the card
- Share this deck with friends to study together
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
What are the teeth attached to the side of the jaw called? | Pleurodont |
Pleurodont teeth are present in | Reptiles |
Acrodont teeth are found in | Amphibians and fishes |
Which part of pharynx receives the eustachian tube? | Nasopharynx |
Which part of pharynx have gullet and glottis? | Laryngopharynx |
What is waldayer's ring? | Ring of lymphoid tissue in pharynx |
Which salivary gland is located below ear lobe? | Parotid salivary gland |
Which salivary gland is located at an angle of jaw? | Submaxillary gland |
Which salivary gland is located below tongue? | Sublingual gland |
What is the contribution to the total amount of saliva by each salivary gland? | Submaxillary gland- 70% Parotid gland- 25% Sublingual gland- 5% |
Which is the largest salivary gland? | Parotid |
Which is the smallest salivary gland? | Sublingual |
Stenson's duct opens into | 2nd molar |
Stenson's duct is the duct of | Parotid salivary gland |
Whorton's duct is the duct of | Sub maxillary gland |
Whorton's duct opens into | Lower incisors |
Duct of rivinus is the duct of | Sublingual salivary gland |
Which is the largest salivary duct? | Whortons duct |
WHich is the smallest salivary duct? | Duct of rivinus |
Which duct of salivary gland opens beneath tongue? | Duct of rivinus |
What is the pH of saliva? | 6.8 |
The visceral peritonium of alimentary canal is also called | Serosa |
In which part of the alimentary canal, only connective tissue is present in the outer most layer? | Oesophagus, ascending and descending colon, rectum |
How is muscularis externa of stomach different from that of other parts of the alimentary canal? | Muscularis externa of stomach has oblique muscle layer in addition to external longitudinal and inner circular muscles. |
Which is the thickest layer of the wall of alimentary canal? | Muscularis externa |
Where is aurebachis/myentric nerve plexus located? | Between longitudinal and circular muscle layer of alimentary canal |
What is the function of myenteric nerve plexus? | It regulates peristalsis |
What is the submucosa of wall of alimentary canal made of? | Loose aereolar connective tissue |
Brunner's glands are present in | Sub mucosa of duodenum wall |
How many layers does the mucosa of wall of alimentary canal have? | 3 |
Where are payer's patches located? | In lamina propria of mucosa of wall of ileum |
What are the temporary destensible longitudinal mucosal folds in stomach called? | Rugae |
What are Kerkring's folds? | Permanent circular folds of mucosa in intestine |
What is the difference between villi of jejunum, ileum and duodenum? | Jejunum, ileum- Long and pointed | Duodenum- Short and blunt |
What is the outermost layer of the wall of alimentary canal in parts where only connective tissue is found, called? | Tunica adventitia |
How are skeletal and smooth muscles distributed in the oesophagus? | Upper 1/3rd- Skeletal muscles Middle 1/3rd- Skeletal and smooth Lower 1/3rd- smooth |
Which is the widest part of alimentary canal? | Stomach |
For how many hours is food stored in stomach? | 4 to 5 |
Which part of alimentary canal has the thickest wall? | Stomach |
Gastric glands are present in | Mucosa of stomach |
What is the function of goblet cells? | Secrete mucus and bicarbonate ions |
What are chief cells of stomach also called | Peptic cells |
What is the function of peptic cells? | Secrete pepsinogen, prorenin and mild gastric lipase |
What are the other names of oxyntic cells? | Parietal cells, zymogen cells |
What is the function of oxyntic cells? | Secrete HCl and castle's intrinsic factor |
G-cells of stomach release | Gastrin hormone |
Argentaffin cells of stomach release | Serotonin |
Which is the smallest part of small intestine? | Duodenum |
Which is the widest part of small intestine? | Duodenum |
What is the length of duodenum? | 25 cm |
Which part of small intestine receives hepato-pancreatic duct? | Duodenum |
Which part of small intestine is the main site for digestion? | Duodenum |
Which is the longest part of small intestine? | Ileum (3.5 m) |
Maximum absorption occurs in which part of small intestine? | Jejunum |
What is the length of jejunum? | 2.5 m |
Where does absorption of vitB12 and bile salts occur? | Ileum |
Where are crypts of Lieberkuhm | In mucosa of small intestine |
What is the difference between the secretions of brunner's glands and crypts of lieberkuhm? | Brunner's glands- no enzymes in secretion | Crypts of liberkuhn- enzymes in secretion |
Where are enterochromaffin cells located? | Crypts of liberkuhn |
What do Paneth cells secrete? | Lysozyme and defensin protein |
Succus entericus is | Intestinal juice |
How many parts does the colon have? | 4 | ascending, descending, transverse, sigmoid |
How many sphinctres does the anus have? | 2 |
Liver is located in the upper left part of abdominal cavity just below diaphragm. True/false. | False | *upper right part |
How many lobes does the liver have? | 2 |
Which lobe of liver is bigger? | Right lobe (5/6th part of liver) |
What is the structural and functional unit of liver? | Hepatic lobule |
Hepatic lobule is covered by | Glisson's capsule |
Glisson's capsule is made of | Fibrous connective tissue |
What is the portal triad? | Contains branches of the hepatic artery proper, hepatic portal vein and bile ducts |
What connects the right and left lobe of the liver? | Falciform ligament |
What is glyconeogenesis? | Proteins/amino acids/fats ---> glycogen |
Which organ produces bile? | Liver |
What is the pH of bile? | 8.2 to 8.6 |
Which enzymes are present in bile? | None |
What is also known as pseudo digestive juice? | Bile |
Bilrubin and biliverdin are formed from | Haemoglobin |
WHich organic salts are found in bile? | Sodium glycocholate, sodium taurocholate |
What activates lipases in the intestine? | Bile |
Which cells break down old RBCs? | Kupffer cells |
What makes urine yellow? | Urobilin |
What makes excreta brown? | Sterocobilins |
Jaundice is caused by | Mixing of bilirubin with blood |
To which lobe of liver is the gall bladder attached? | Quadrate lobe of liver |
Cystic duct is the duct of | Gall bladder |
Gall stones are caused due to | Precipitation of cholesterol in gall bladder |
Which is the main pancreatic duct? | Duct of wirsung |
Duct of wirsung and bile duct join to form | Hepatopancreatic duct |
Which is the accessory pancreatic duct? | Duct of santorini |
Duct of santorini opens into | Duodenum |
What is the pH of pancreatic juice? | 8.0 |
Which sphinctre is present between bile duct and duct of wirsung? | Sphinctre of boyden |
Which sphinctre is present between hepatopancreatic duct and duodenum? | Sphinctre of oddi |
Ampulla of vater is formed by the union of | Hepato pancreatic duct and duodenum |
Which ion is the activator of salivary amylase? | Chlorine ion |
How many enzymes are present in the pancreatic juice? Name them. | Six- Trypsinogen Chymotrypsinogen Procarboxypeptidase Pancreatic steapsin/lipase Pancreatic amylase Nucleases |
Intestinal juice is secreted by | Brunner's glands and crypts of liberkuhn | secretions of goblet cells and brushbordered cells of mucosa |
How many enzyme are present in intestinal juice? | 10 |
Enterokinase is present in which secretions? | Intestinal juice |
What type of peptidase is pepsin? | Endopeptidase |