Biology NEET - XI: Chapter 20- Movement and Locomotion Part 1
The epimysium is the outermost connective tissue covering that surrounds an entire skeletal muscle. It protects the muscle and helps in binding muscle fibers together while providing structural support.
What is the outermost covering surrounding the muscle?
Epimysium
Key Terms
What is the outermost covering surrounding the muscle?
Epimysium
What is the epimysium made of?
Fibrous elastic tissue
What is the perimysium?
Connective tissue covering each fasciculus of a muscle
What is the endomysium?
Aerolar connective tissue surrounding each muscle fbre
A bundle of muscle fibres is called
Fasciculus
What is sarcosome?
Mitochondria of a muscle cell
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| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
What is the outermost covering surrounding the muscle? | Epimysium |
What is the epimysium made of? | Fibrous elastic tissue |
What is the perimysium? | Connective tissue covering each fasciculus of a muscle |
What is the endomysium? | Aerolar connective tissue surrounding each muscle fbre |
A bundle of muscle fibres is called | Fasciculus |
What is sarcosome? | Mitochondria of a muscle cell |
The infoldings of sarcolemma around myofibrils are called | T-tubules |
What is the storehouse of phosphate in a muscle cell? | Creatine phosphate |
How many actin surround each myosin? | 6 |
Each actin is surrounded by how many myosin in a muscle cell? | 3 |
What is also known as anisotropic band? | Myosin (and some part of actin) |
What is known as I band? | Actin |
WHat is hensen’s zone? | Lighter part of A-band where actin is absent |
Which line bisects myosin- A band? | Mesogramme line |
Which line bisects I-band? | Z line |
Myosin is a polymer of | Meromyosin |
How many polypeptide chains are arranged in a meromyosin? | 2 |
What sites are present on the cross arm of meromyosin? | ATP binding site and actin binding site |
Name the proteins present in an actin filament? | F-actin Troponin tropmyosin |
The F-actin is made of | 2 chains of G-actin |
What is the binding site of myosin on actin? | G-actin |
Troponin in actin is present on | tropomyosin |
What subunits does troponin have? | T-subunit C-subunit I-subunit |
I-site on troponin is | Inhibitory site |
WHo proposed sliding filament theory? | Huxley and huxley |
Which filament slides over which during muscle contraction? | Actin filament slides over myosin |
does the I-band shorten in muscle contraction? | Yes |
Does the H zone shorten in muscle contraction? | Yes |
Does the sarcomere shorten in muscle contraction? | Yes |
Does the A band shorten in muscle contraction? | No |
Which neurotransmitter sends signal for muscle contraction to muscles? | Acetyl choline |
What happens when acetyl choline recepters on muscles receive signal from brain? | The impulse spreads on sarcolemma and travels to t-tubules which trigger release of calcium ions from sarcoplasmic reticulum. |
Which is slower-red or white muscle fibre? | Red |
Which muscle fibre-red or white has plenty f myoglobin? | Red |
Which muscle fibre-red or white is supplied with abundant blood capillaries? | Red |
Which muscle fibre-red or white shows anaerobic respiration? | White |
Which muscle fibre-red or white has abundant glycogen? | White |
Which muscle fibre-red or white has well developed sarcoplasmic reticulum?? | White |
Muscles of eyeballs have which type of muscle fibres? | White |
Flight muscles of sparrow have which type of muscle fibre? | White |
Flight muscle of gliding birds have which type of muscle fibre? | Red |
Which is the most abundant mineral in a muscle fibre? | K+ |
When does rigor mortis disappear? | 15-24 hours after death |
What is the time interval between two muscle twich called? What is its value? | Refractory period (2-5 ms) |
What is the total time for skeletal muscle contraction? | 0.1 s |
What are the different phases of a muscle contraction, how long does each last? | Latent phase Contraction phase Relaxation phase |
What is the autoimmune disorder that leads to weakness and paralysis of muscles called? | Myesthenia gravis |
In myesthenia gravis, antibodies are formed against | Acetyl choline receptors on sarcolemma at neuromuscular junction |
What is the X-linked genetic disorder leading to progressive weaking and atrophy of muscles called? | Muscular dystrophy |
Muscular dystrophy happens due to | Absence of dystrophin proteins |
How many bones are present in an adult human and an embryo? | 206, 300 |
How many axial bones are present in the body? | 80 |
How many bones are present in the appendicular skeleton? | 126 |
How many bones are present in the skull? | 22 (or 29 including hyoid and ear ossicles) |
How many bones are present in the cranium? Name them | 8 Frontal Parietal (2) Temporal (2) Occipital (1) Sphenoid Ethmoid |
Which bone of cranium houses the middle and inner ear? | Temporal bone |
Which bone of cranium articulates with the mandible? | Temporal bone |
Which bone forms the roof of cranium? | Parietal bone |
Which bone has foramen magnum? | Occipital bone |
Which bone has sella tursica? | Sphenoid |
Which bones form the base of skull? | Ethmoid and sphenoid |
How many facial bones are present in humans? Name them. | 14 Nasal bone-2 Vomer-1 Inferior nasal turbinate-2 Zygomatic-2 Palatine-2 Maxillae-2 Mandible-1 Lacrymal-2 |
Which bone is called the cheek bone? | Zygomatic |
Which bone forms the posterior hard palate? | Palatine |
Which bone bears the upper teeth? | Maxilla |
What is the V shaped bone at the floor of buccal cavity called? | Hyoid |
Which skull bone does not articulate with any other bone? | Hyoid |
Tongue, larynx, pharynx, neck muscles are attached to which bone? | Hyoid |
Which cartilage attaches ribs to sternum? | Hyaline cartilage |
Ribs are ventrally attached to | Sternum |
Ribs are dorsally attached to | Vertebrae |
How many true ribs are present? | 7 pairs |
What is the function of floating ribs? | Protect kidney |
How many prominences are present on the posterior head of human ribs? | 2 |
How many bones are present in the vertebral column? | 26 |
How many curvatures does the vertebral coloumn has? | 4 |
Name the types and number of all bones present in the vertebral column. | Cervical-7 Thoracic-12 Lumbar-5 Sacrum-1 (5) Vestigeal coccyx-1 (4) |
What is the body of a typical vertebrae called? | Centrum |
A vertebrae which is flat at both ends is called? | Amphiplatyan |
Amphiplatyan vertebrae is found in | Mammals |
In the vertebrae, spinal cord passes through | Neural canal |
All human vertebrae are biphid except | 7th cervical vertebrae |
What are the articulating facets of a vertebrae called? | Prezygapophysis and postzygapophysis |
Which are the atypical cerivcal certebrae? | C1, C2 and C7 |
What is the first cervical vertebrae called? | Atlas |
Centrum is absent in which vertebrae? | C1 |
Which articulating facet does C1 vertebrae lack? | Prezygapophysis |
Which vertebrae is also called the yes bone/nodding bone? | C1 |
Otonoid fossa is present in | C1 vertebrae |
Otonoid process is present in | C2 vertebrae |
Which vertebrae is also called the no bone? | C2 vertebrae |
Which vertebrae forms the prominence on neck? | C7 vertebrae |
Which are the atypical thoracic vertebrae? | T1, T9, T10, T11 and T12 vertebrae |
Which are weight bearing vertebrae? | Lumbar vertebrae |
Sacrum is wider in males or females? | Females |
Saccrum is formed from the fusion of | 5 bones |
Coccyx is formed from the fusion of | 4 bones |
How many bones are present in each pectoral girdle?Name them | 2 bones Scapula Clavicle |
On which surface of thorax is scapula present? | Dorsal surface |
Between which ribs and which vertebrae is the scapula located? | Rib 2nd and 7th | T2 and T7 |