Human Geography Vocabulary Part 11

when states argue about the location of the border

occurs when a country claims an area existing in some other country's territory or when the border is under dispute

dispute over an area containing resources necessary for a state's survival and growth

when states cannot agree on policies that apply near border

the seazone extending 200 nautical miles from the coast over which a state has special rights as to the exploration and use of marine resources

The different voting districts that make up local, state, and national regions.

a distinct region or community enclosed within a larger territory

a part of a country that is seperated from the rest of the country and surrounded by foreign territory.

a supranational organization whose goal is to unite Europe so that goods, services, and workers can move freely among member countries

a government that divides the powers of government between the national government and state or provincial governments

capital city positioned in actually or potentially contested territory usually near an international border, it confirms the states determination to maintain its presence in the region in contention.

A zone separating two states in which neither state exercises political control.

study of government and its policies as affected by physical geography

the drawing of legislative district boundaries to benefit a party, group, or incumbent

those parts of our environment available to everyone but for which no single individual has responsibility--the atmosphere, fresh water, forests, wildlife, and ocean fisheries

Hypothesis proposed by Halford MacKinder that held that any political power based in the heart of Eurasia could gain enough strength to eventually dominate the world.

Nicholas Spykman's theory that the domination of the coastal fringes of Eurasia would provided the base for world conquest.

a type of receiving state which is the target of many immigrants. Popular because of their economy, political freedom, and opportunity. One example would be the USA.

Control of territory already occupied and organized by an indigenous society.

A rule by which the design of new electoral boundaries, must where possible, create electoral districts which have a majority population of some group which is a national minority

A state that possesses more than one core or dominant region, be it economic, political, or cultural.

Government policy that attempts to manage the economy by controlling the money supply and thus interest rates.

an alliance of two or more countries seeking cooperation with each other without giving up either's autonomy or self-determination

a political barrier that isolated the peoples of Eastern Europe after WWII, restricting their ability to travel outside the region

a policy of cultural extension and potential political expansion by a country aimed at a group of its nationals living in a neighboring country

A state that does not have a direct outlet to the sea.

developed the Heartland Theory

This expression was popular in the 1840s. Many people believed that the U.S. was destined to secure territory from "sea to sea," from the Atlantic to the Pacific Ocean. This rationale drove the acquisition of territory.

according to the UNCLOS, the EEZ for maritime countries located closer to each other than 200 miles is located halfway in between.

A state that encompasses a very small land area.

urban center disproportionately larger than the 2nd largest city; dominates the country's social, political, and economic activities

process of converting government enterprises into privately owned companies

Canadian territory that was given to the Inuit, in which they could live with autonomy, or the right to govern themselves.

reason or justification for existing

German geographer who discussed geopolitics and created the organic theory which postulated that a country, which is an aggregate of organisms (people), would itself function and behave like an organism ... to survive, a state requires nourishment - in the global context, this means territory - to gain political power.

The process of reassigning representation based on population after every census

a group (ofen ethnic) which identifies with a particular region of a state rather than with the state as a whole

bring together parts of a country under one government (ex: Germany)

A political term that refers to a country which is formally independent, but under heavy influence or control by another country.

refers to the social movements for a particular group of people to separate from the dominant political institution under which they suffer

Spatially, devolutionary events most often occur on the margins of the state.

the defeat of dictatorships in South America to Eastern Europe, to some parts in Africa.

Informal term denoting the main areas in which the EU has worked since the Maastricht Treaty. 1. the traditional involvement in trade and other economic matters 2. cooperation in justice and home affairs 3. the desire to create a Common Foreign and Security Policy which is the most visionary and controversial aspect of the EU today

Ability of a state to govern its territory free from control of its internal affairs by other states.

Developed the Rimland Theory

state

term used to imply that a group, usually a minority ethnic group, is a nation but does does not have a State of its own (ex. Kurds, Palestinians)

right to vote

three or more countries agree to give up a degree of autonomy in order to pursue common goals. (ex. European Union)

A state's geographical shape, which can affect its spatial cohension and political viability.

A state that posses a roughly circular shape from which the geometric center is relatively equal in all directions. (ex. Poland)

A state that is not contiguous whole but rather separated parts.(ex. Indonesia)

A state with a long, narrow shape. (Example. Chile)

A state that completely surrounds another state. (Example: South Africa)

In political geography, a country's or more local community's sense of property and attachment toward its territory, as expressed by its determination to keep it inviolable and strongly defended.

A code of maritime law approved by the United Nations in 1982 that authorizes, among other provisions, territorial waters extending 12 nautical miles (22km) from shore and 200-nautical-mile-wide (370-km-wide) exclusive economic zones.

Dec 1, 1991, a vote for independence in the Ukraine ( the most powerful republic)

A statutory right or privilege granted to a person or group by a government (especially the rights of citizenship and the right to vote).