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QuestionChemistry

What is the molecular shape of HCN?
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Answer

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Step 1:

To determine the molecular shape of HCN (hydrogen cyanide), we first need to identify the central atom and the number of atoms or ligands around it. In this case, the central atom is carbon (C), and there are two other atoms or ligands attached to it: hydrogen (H) and nitrogen (N).

Step 2:

Next, we need to determine the type of bond between the central atom and each ligand. Here, carbon forms a triple covalent bond with nitrogen and a single covalent bond with hydrogen.

Step 3:

Now, let's count the number of electron pairs (both bonding and nonbonding) around the central atom. In HCN, there are two electron pairs involved in the triple bond between C and N, and one electron pair in the single bond between C and H. Therefore, there are a total of three electron pairs around the central carbon atom.

Step 4:

To predict the molecular shape, we can use the Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion (VSEPR) theory, which states that electron pairs will arrange themselves in such a way as to minimize repulsion between them. When there are three electron pairs, the molecular shape is linear.

Step 5:

Since the triple bond between C and N behaves as a single unit in terms of repulsion, the molecular shape of HCN is still linear, with the hydrogen atom and the nitrogen atom attached to the opposite ends of the carbon atom.

Final Answer

The molecular shape of HCN is linear.