CramX Logo

Q
QuestionBiology

Explain how fitness can change the allele frequency of a population.
11 months agoReport content

Answer

Full Solution Locked

Sign in to view the complete step-by-step solution and unlock all study resources.

Step 1:
I'll solve this population genetics problem step by step, focusing on how fitness impacts allele frequencies.

Step 2:
: Understanding Allele Frequency and Fitness

Allele frequency represents the proportion of a specific allele in a population. Fitness describes an allele's ability to contribute to subsequent generations through reproductive success.

Step 3:
: Defining Fitness

Fitness is mathematically represented by $$w_{i}$$, where:
- w_{i} = relative fitness of a specific genotype - Higher fitness means greater reproductive success - Fitness determines how many offspring an individual produces

Step 4:
: Selection Mechanism

- Represented by the equation: $$p' = \frac{p w_{AA}}{p^{2}w_{AA} + 2pq w_{Aa} + q^{2}w_{aa}}
Natural selection changes allele frequencies through differential reproductive success: - Genotypes with higher fitness produce more offspring - This shifts population genetic composition over generations

Step 5:
: Fitness Impact Examples

- Beneficial alleles increase in frequency - Deleterious alleles decrease in frequency - Neutral alleles maintain relatively stable frequencies

Final Answer

Fitness changes allele frequencies by systematically favoring genotypes with higher reproductive success, gradually shifting population genetic composition through natural selection.