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Test Bank for International Relations, Brief Edition, 8th Edition

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    Test Bank For International Relations , Brief Edition Eighth Edition Jon C. W. Pevehouse University of Wisconsin–Madison Joshua S. Goldstein American University, Washington, DC University of Massachusetts Amherst Prepared by Mert Kartal, St. Lawrence University

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    iii Table of Contents Chapter 1 The Globalization of International Relations ...................... 1 Chapter 2 Realist Theories............................................................... 22 Chapter 3 Liberal and Social Theories ............................................. 45 Chapter 4 Conflict, War, and Terrorism............................................ 67 Chapter 5 Trade and Finance .......................................................... 88 Chapter 6 International Organizations, Law, and Human Rights ... 109 Chapter 7 The North-South Relations ............................................ 131 Chapter 8 Environment and Technology ........................................ 153

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    1 Chapter 1: The Globalization of International Relations MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. Globalization is __________. A) not concerned with terrorism B) focused solely on economic development C) the management of territorial conflict D) the central trend in international relations today Answer: D Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe the properties of the collective action problem and how each core principle addresses the problem. Topic: Globalization, International Relations, and Daily Life Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 2. International relations revolves around the key problem of how __________. A) to deal with the issue of global warming B) to solve global poverty C) a group can reconcile its collective and individual interests D) states can properly negotiate treaties Answer: C Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe the properties of the collective action problem and how each core principle addresses the problem. Topic: Globalization, International Relations, and Daily Life Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 3. The U.S. home mortgage market initiated the __________ of 2008–2009. A) minor global economic spike B) international bond market C) global economic recession D) international economic competition Answer: C Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe the properties of the collective action problem and how each core principle addresses the problem. Topic: Globalization, International Relations, and Daily Life Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts 4. The collective goods problem is particularly acute in international relations due to __________. A) the strategy of reciprocity

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    2 B) the presence of a hegemon C) chaos D) the lack of a central authority that can enforce rules Answer: D Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe the properties of the collective action problem and how each core principle addresses the problem. Topic: Globalization, International Relations, and Daily Life Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Analyze It 5. International relations __________. A) involves only presidents, generals, and diplomats B) influences daily life only when war occurs C) concerns the relationships among the world’s governments D) is largely concerned with bilateral relations between states Answer: C Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe the properties of the collective action problem and how each core principle addresses the problem. Topic: Globalization, International Relations, and Daily Life Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 6. The collective goods problem is the problem of how to provide something that benefits __________ members of a group regardless of what each member contributes. A) all B) most C) half of the D) the moral Answer: A Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe the properties of the collective action problem and how each core principle addresses the problem. Topic: Globalization, International Relations, and Daily Life Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 7. Why are collective goods easier to provide in small groups than in large groups? A) In a small group, the free riding of one member is harder to conceal. B) In a small group, the free riding of one member has a smaller impact on the overall collective good. C) Small groups tend to have a central authority to enforce rules on members. D) Small groups want to cooperate more than large groups. Answer: A

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    3 Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe the properties of the collective action problem and how each core principle addresses the problem. Topic: Globalization, International Relations, and Daily Life Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Analyze It 8. A current example of a collective goods problem is that __________. A) poverty is so common around the globe B) states find it hard to cooperate on monetary policy C) states have a hard time communicating their genuine intentions D) states find it hard to cooperate to maintain global climate stability Answer: D Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe the properties of the collective action problem and how each core principle addresses the problem. Topic: Globalization, International Relations, and Daily Life Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know 9. In 2006, the United States warned North Korea against selling its bombs, threatening to retaliate against North Korea if any other actor used such a bomb against the United States. This strategy of the United States to prevent proliferation can be considered an example of which principle? A) persuasion B) reciprocity C) identity D) collective goods Answer: B Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe the properties of the collective action problem and how each core principle addresses the problem. Topic: Globalization, International Relations, and Daily Life Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know 10. Which of the following actions would be considered a reciprocity solution to the problem of global warming? A) The wealthiest countries reduce their greenhouse emissions substantially. B) The international community names and shames those countries that fail to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. C) All of the countries of the world sign a binding international agreement to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. D) The big powers of the UN Security Council threaten to fight those countries that fail to reduce greenhouse emissions. Answer: C

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    4 Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe the properties of the collective action problem and how each core principle addresses the problem. Topic: Globalization, International Relations, and Daily Life Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Apply What You Know 11. The two major subfields of the study of international relations are __________. A) conflict and cooperation B) comparative politics and international security C) international security and international political economy D) international political economy and comparative politics Answer: C Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe the properties of the collective action problem and how each core principle addresses the problem. Topic: Globalization, International Relations, and Daily Life Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts 12. How do dominance and reciprocity differ as solutions to collective goods problems? A) Dominance relies on a power hierarchy acting as a central authority, whereas reciprocity operates without any central authority. B) Dominance has advantages and disadvantages, whereas reciprocity has only advantages. C) Dominance forms the basis of most institutions in the international system, whereas reciprocity has limited applications. D) Dominance is the basis of cooperation in international relations, whereas reciprocity typically leads to conflict. Answer: A Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe the properties of the collective action problem and how each core principle addresses the problem. Topic: Globalization, International Relations, and Daily Life Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Analyze It 13. The disadvantages of dominance as a solution to collective goods problems include __________. A) a downward spiral as each side punishes what it believes to be negative acts by the other B) stability that comes at a cost of constant oppression of the lower-ranking members in the status hierarchy C) other groups being unlikely to challenge the top group’s power position D) fueling arms races in which members respond to other members’ buildup of weapons Answer: B Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe the properties of the collective action problem and how each core principle addresses the problem.

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    5 Topic: Globalization, International Relations, and Daily Life Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Analyze It 14. How is the identity principle distinguished from the dominance and reciprocity principles? A) The identity principle relies on mutually beneficial arrangements, whereas the dominance and reciprocity principles rely on members sacrificing their own interests to benefit others. B) Contributions to development assistance or UN peacekeeping missions are better explained by the dominance and reciprocity principles than by the identity principle. C) The identity principle plays no role in preventing nuclear proliferation, whereas the dominance and reciprocity principles do play a role. D) The identity principle does not rely on self-interest, whereas the dominance and reciprocity principles rely on achieving individual self-interest. Answer: D Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe the properties of the collective action problem and how each core principle addresses the problem. Topic: Globalization, International Relations, and Daily Life Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Analyze It 15. __________ is a necessary component of a state. A) Territory B) Civil society C) Presidency D) Democracy Answer: A Learning Objective: 1.2 Evaluate whether states are still the key actors in international relations. Topic: Actors and Influences Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts 16. Among other things, a nation is a __________ share characteristics such as language and culture. A) collection of territories that B) group of people who C) set of relationships that D) group of elected politicians who Answer: B Learning Objective: 1.2 Evaluate whether states are still the key actors in international relations. Topic: Actors and Influences Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts

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    6 17. __________ is only informally recognized as a state, despite being a political entity often referred to as one. A) Abkhazia B) Iraq C) Taiwan D) Western Sahara Answer: C Learning Objective: 1.2 Evaluate whether states are still the key actors in international relations. Topic: Actors and Influences Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts 18. __________ are two intergovernmental organizations. A) Amnesty International and the Red Cross B) The WTO and the United Fruit Company C) OPEC and ISIS D) The African Union and NATO Answer: D Learning Objective: 1.2 Evaluate whether states are still the key actors in international relations. Topic: Actors and Influences Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 19. Which is an example of a transnational actor? A) international diplomats guild B) national trade unions C) intergovernmental organizations D) the U.S. State Department Answer: C Learning Objective: 1.2 Evaluate whether states are still the key actors in international relations. Topic: Actors and Influences Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 20. There are as many as __________ NGOs and 5,000 IGOs globally. A) 50,000 B) 20,000 C) 150,000 D) 5,000 Answer: A Learning Objective: 1.2 Evaluate whether states are still the key actors in international relations. Topic: Actors and Influences

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    7 Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts 21. Sovereignty is __________. A) a state government answering to no higher authority B) a goal of international organizations in world affairs C) the ability of one country to have influence over another D) the development of participatory institutions of social life Answer: A Learning Objective: 1.2 Evaluate whether states are still the key actors in international relations. Topic: Actors and Influences Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 22. According to transformationalists, why is sovereignty sometimes more fluid than one might think? A) States find it increasingly difficult to deal with contemporary problems such as refugee flows. B) A state’s wealth is the main factor determining whether its sovereignty is respected by others. C) Some states such as those in sub-Saharan Africa are too weak to protect their sovereignty. D) International organizations such as the EU erode state sovereignty. Answer: D Learning Objective: 1.2 Evaluate whether states are still the key actors in international relations. Topic: Actors and Influences Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Analyze It 23. The set of relationships among the world’s states, structured according to __________, is referred to as the international system. A) globalization B) how power is distributed C) certain rules and patterns of interaction D) transnational trade agreements Answer: C Learning Objective: 1.2 Evaluate whether states are still the key actors in international relations. Topic: Actors and Influences Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 24. Because it is entirely a U.S. entity but also operates an International Trade Division to promote exports and foreign investment, the state of Ohio could be considered a(n) __________ actor. A) governmental B) substate

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    8 C) international D) transnational Answer: B Learning Objective: 1.2 Evaluate whether states are still the key actors in international relations. Topic: Actors and Influences Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know 25. Nongovernmental organizations are __________ organizations acting as __________ actors. A) public; transnational B) private; transnational C) private; intranational D) public; national Answer: B Learning Objective: 1.2 Evaluate whether states are still the key actors in international relations. Topic: Actors and Influences Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 26. Groups within states that influence the state’s __________ are called substate actors. A) foreign policy B) political philosophy C) nongovernmental organizations D) sovereignty Answer: A Learning Objective: 1.2 Evaluate whether states are still the key actors in international relations. Topic: Actors and Influences Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 27. The __________ level of analysis concerns the perceptions, choices, and actions of human beings. A) domestic B) systemic C) individual D) interstate Answer: C Learning Objective: 1.2 Evaluate whether states are still the key actors in international relations. Topic: Actors and Influences Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

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    9 28. The __________ level of analysis concerns the influence of the international system on outcomes, whereas the __________ level of analysis concerns the aggregations of individuals within states that influence state actions in the international arena. A) domestic; interstate B) systemic; individual C) individual; domestic D) interstate; domestic Answer: D Learning Objective: 1.2 Evaluate whether states are still the key actors in international relations. Topic: Actors and Influences Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 29. Consideration of the political organizations, government agencies, and economic sectors of states is the focus of the __________ level of analysis. A) individual B) domestic C) interstate D) global Answer: B Learning Objective: 1.2 Evaluate whether states are still the key actors in international relations. Topic: Actors and Influences Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 30. Which is a domestic-level explanation for the 2003 U.S.-led war against Iraq? A) President Bush’s desire to remove Saddam Hussein B) the rise of neoconservative policymakers in the U.S. administration C) the global distribution of power in favor of the United States D) the unwillingness of the UN Security Council to punish Iraq Answer: B Learning Objective: 1.2 Evaluate whether states are still the key actors in international relations. Topic: Actors and Influences Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Apply What You Know 31. Levels of analysis offer __________ explanations for international events. A) military B) uniform C) different D) individual Answer: C

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    10 Learning Objective: 1.2 Evaluate whether states are still the key actors in international relations. Topic: Actors and Influences Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 32. According to scholars who see globalization as the fruition of liberal economic principles, what role do states play in the process of globalization? A) They are the driving forces. B) A handful of states dominate the process. C) They share equal power in the process. D) They have become obsolete as economic units. Answer: D Learning Objective: 1.2 Evaluate whether states are still the key actors in international relations. Topic: Actors and Influences Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Analyze It 33. Which theorists are most likely to believe that the European Union is ultimately going to replace its individual member states? A) liberals B) realists C) transformationalists D) globalization skeptics Answer: C Learning Objective: 1.2 Evaluate whether states are still the key actors in international relations. Topic: Actors and Influences Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know 34. A major source of conflict and war at present is the frequent mismatch between perceived __________ and actual state borders. A) sovereign states B) non-sovereign states C) failed states D) nations Answer: D Learning Objective: 1.2 Evaluate whether states are still the key actors in international relations. Topic: Actors and Influences Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 35. With respect to globalization, __________. A) its opponents are mostly united in their goals and tactics

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    11 B) policies to expand free trade are a central focus of antiglobalization protesters C) all sides agree that the North-South gap is disappearing faster than ever D) states are becoming stronger and more important actors in global politics Answer: B Learning Objective: 1.2 Evaluate whether states are still the key actors in international relations. Topic: Actors and Influences Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Analyze It 36. Which of the following is a major point of view on globalization? A) Globalization diffuses authority, transforming state power to operate in new contexts. B) The world’s major economies are more integrated today than before World War I, and the North-South gap is decreasing. C) Globalization is changing international security more quickly and profoundly than it is changing international political economy. D) Globalization is the fruition of conservative economic principles where a national marketplace has brought a lack of prosperity. Answer: A Learning Objective: 1.2 Evaluate whether states are still the key actors in international relations. Topic: Actors and Influences Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Analyze It 37. Large states possessing massive military and economic strength and influence are called __________. A) veto players B) rogue states C) hegemons D) great powers Answer: D Learning Objective: 1.2 Evaluate whether states are still the key actors in international relations. Topic: Actors and Influences Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts 38. The __________ relatively rich industrialized countries and relatively poor countries is called the North-South gap. A) conflict between B) unity among C) scarcity problem among D) disparity between Answer: D

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    12 Learning Objective: 1.3 Identify at least three commonalities between states in the global North and states in the global South. Topic: Global Geography Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 39. In the global North, income levels per capita are roughly __________ times as high as in the global South. A) three B) five C) ten D) twenty Answer: B Learning Objective: 1.3 Identify at least three commonalities between states in the global North and states in the global South. Topic: Global Geography Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Remember the Facts 40. Given the definition of the North-South gap, which of the following states is more likely to be included in the global North? A) Turkey B) South Korea C) South Sudan D) South Africa Answer: B Learning Objective: 1.3 Identify at least three commonalities between states in the global North and states in the global South. Topic: Global Geography Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Analyze It 41. The Marshall Plan was a policy designed to __________. A) create the North Atlantic Treaty Organization B) fight Nazi Germany C) rebuild European economies D) ensure détente Answer: C Learning Objective: 1.4 Explain at least two differences between the Cold War era and the post– Cold War era. Topic: The Evolving International System Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts

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    13 42. What was the result of the Korean War at the time of the 1953 truce? A) North Korea controlled more of the Korean peninsula. B) China shifted its support to South Korea. C) The United States shifted its support to North Korea. D) The United States hardened its attitude toward communism. Answer: D Learning Objective: 1.4 Explain at least two differences between the Cold War era and the post– Cold War era. Topic: The Evolving International System Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Analyze It 43. The Sino-Soviet split resulted in China becoming extremely __________ in the 1960s. A) affluent B) militaristic C) philosophical D) independent Answer: D Learning Objective: 1.4 Explain at least two differences between the Cold War era and the post– Cold War era. Topic: The Evolving International System Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 44. In the Cold War era, just as was the case for the United States in Vietnam, the Soviet Union could not defeat rebel armies in __________. A) Hungary B) Czechoslovakia C) Poland D) Afghanistan Answer: D Learning Objective: 1.4 Explain at least two differences between the Cold War era and the post– Cold War era. Topic: The Evolving International System Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Remember the Facts 45. When Yugoslavia fell apart, __________. A) European countries joined forces and sent troops to defend the borders of the newly independent, sovereign states B) UN peacekeeping troops intervened and were able to keep casualties to a minimum

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