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QuestionChemistry

Predict the molecular structure and give the approximate bond angles of the PCl^3 molecule. A. Linear, 180° B. Trigonal planar, 120° C. Tetrahedral, 109.5° D. Bent, around 107°
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Answer

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Step 1:
Let's solve this step by step using VSEPR (Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion) theory:

Step 2:
: Determine the central atom

- The central atom is phosphorus (P) - Chlorine (Cl) atoms are bonded to the phosphorus

Step 3:
: Count valence electrons

- Total valence electrons: $$5 + (3 \times 7) = 22$$ electrons
- Phosphorus has 5 valence electrons - Each chlorine has 7 valence electrons

Step 4:
: Draw the Lewis structure

- Three single bonds between P and Cl - One lone pair on the phosphorus atom - Electron configuration shows 3 bonding pairs and 1 lone pair

Step 5:
: Apply VSEPR theory

- Total electron domains: 4 (3 bonding + 1 lone pair) - Electron domain geometry: Tetrahedral - Molecular geometry: Trigonal pyramidal due to lone pair

Step 6:
: Determine bond angles

- Approximate bond angle: $$\approx 107°
- Lone pair causes slight compression of bond angles

Final Answer

Bent, around 107° Key Reasoning: - Lone pair repels bonding pairs - Causes slight deviation from perfect tetrahedral angle of 109.5° - Results in a bent molecular geometry with compressed bond angles