Jordan's Fundamentals of the Human Mosaic: A Thematic Introduction to Cultural Geography Second Edition Test Bank

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1CHAPTER1CULTURALGEOGRAPHY:ANINTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTIONMultiple-Choice1. The word “geography”comes from a Greek word meaninga. to understand culture.*b. to describe the land.c. to build monuments.d. to farm the earth.(p.2)2. Theword “geography” means*a. earth description.b. earth discovering.c. earth graphics.d. world mapping.(p.2)3.A grouping of similar places, or places with similar characteristics,is a(n)*a. region.b. culture.c. space.d. ethnoburb.(p.2)4. We would not need geography ifa. all countries had common boundaries.*b. every place onEarth wereidentical.c. geological structures were different.d. all regions were significantly heterogeneous.(p.2)True/False5. Every place on Earth is unique.

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2*a. Trueb. False(p.2)6. Concerns with the practical aspects of geographyoriginated with the ancient Greeks,Romans, Mesopotamians, and Phoenicians.*a. Trueb. False(p. 2)7. If every place on Earth were identical, we would not need geography.*a. Trueb. False(p. 2)8. Geographers seek an integrated, holistic view of humankind.*a. Trueb. False(p. 2)WHAT IS CULTURAL GEOGRAPHY?Multiple-Choice9. The idea that cultural geography is “the study of differences among peoples” can beattributed toa. Domosh.b. Relph.*c. Gumilev.d. Tuan.(p. 3)10.The idea that culture is a “local, customary way of doing things” can be attributed toa. Walter Christaller.b. Lewis Mumford.*c. Yi-Fu Tuan.d. Kay Anderson and Fay Gale.(p. 2)

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311. Which of thefollowing is NOT a part of culture?*a. geneticsb. ideologyc. value systemsd. livelihood(p. 2)12. Learned collective human behavior is known as:a. instinct.b. husbandry.*c. culture.d. mores.(p. 2)13. Which would NOT be studied bycultural geography?a. religionb. languagec. government*d. anatomy(p. 3)14.Which of the following topics would a cultural geographerfind most interesting?a. the history of volcanic eruptions on a South Pacific islandb. the climate ofnorthern Europec. ocean currents and temperatures*d. trade along the ancient Silk Road(p. 3)15. Whichtopicwould NOT be studied by physical geography?a. climateb. terrain*c. governmentd. vegetation(p. 3)16.Which of the following topics would a physical geographer find most interesting?

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4a. the marriage traditions of a group of islands and how they affected trade among thepeopleb. the languages used in modern-day Africa and how they relate to ancient tribalorganizations long before Africa was colonized by European powers*c. the processes by which an earthquake ruptures a continent and causes a part of it tofloat off into the sea of a period of millions of yearsd. the religious traditions of Muslims and how these affect diet and social interactions inthe Middle East(p. 3)17.Wheat cultivation is correlated with all of the following factorsEXCEPTa. good soil.b. level terrain.c. midlatitude climate.*d. volcanic activity(p. 3)18.Most wheat cultivation in the UnitedStates is concentrated in*a. the Great Plains.b. Ohio and Illinois.c. the Southwest.d. New England.(p. 4)19. In order to investigate the spatial pattern of wheat production in the world, ageographer would investigate1) climate and soil characteristics.2) available technology.3) cultural preferences.4) food taboos.5) government policies.a. 1 onlyb. 1 and 2c. 3, 4, and 5*d. 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5(pp. 3–4)

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5True/False20.Most cultures are fixed and static.a. True*b. False(p. 2)21. Cultures are always internally homogenous because individual humans never thinkin exactly the same manner.a. True*b. False(p. 2)22. Ultimately, agricultural patterns cannot be explained by the characteristics of theland and climate alone.*a. Trueb. False(pp. 3–4)23. Cultural geography is the study of the relationshipsamongspace, place,environment, and culture.* a. Trueb. False(p. 3)24. Agricultural patterns are based, in part, on cultural preferences.*a. Trueb. False(pp. 3–4)25. World crop distributions can be explained by land and climate characteristics alone.a. True*b. False(pp. 3–4)26. Food preferences and crop choices are influenced by survival needs alone, not beliefsystems.

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6a. True*b. False(pp. 3–4)27. Geographers can easily identify two cultural traits with identical patterns ofdistribution.a. True*b. False(p. 4)THEMES IN CULTURAL GEOGRAPHYMultiple-Choice28. The study of the human mosaic is organized around these fivegeographical conceptsor themes.*a. region, diffusion, ecology, interaction, and landscapeb. climates, soils, globalization, cultural landscape, and regionc. mobility, region, globalization, diplomacy, and cultural landscaped. mobility, region, globalization, nature-culture, and cultural landscape(p. 4)CULTURE REGIONMultiple-Choice29. Which is NOT a type of region recognized bycultural geographers?a. vernacular culture region*b. continental culture regionc. formal culture regiond. functional culture region(pp. 4–9)30. A grouping of similar places, or of places with similar characteristics, is aa. landscape.b. diffusion.c. environment.*d. region.(p. 4)

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731. Culture isa. instinctive behavior.b. inherited, individual behavior.c. genetically derived group behavior.*d. learned, collective behavior.(p. 2)32. To describe a grouping of places withsimilar cultural functions and characteristics,cultural geographers use the term or concept ofa. spatial unit.*b. culture region.c. spatial region.d. culture area.(p. 4)33. The most basic tool used in describing and revealing regions is thea. written word.b. photograph.*c. map.d. video recorder/player.(p. 4)True/False34. Most commonly, culture regions rely on multiple related traits.*a. Trueb. False(p. 4)Formal Culture RegionMultiple-Choice35. A culture regioninhabited by people who have one or more traits in common is aa. vernacular culture region.b. continental culture region.*c. formal culture region.d. functional culture region.(p. 4)

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836. Which of the following does NOT represent a formal culture region?a. a region that grows pistachiosb. a region in which Welsh is spoken*c. a region showing the readership of a particular magazined. a region in which the descendants of American slaves live(pp. 4–6)37. The number of formal culture regions recognized by geographers isa. zero.b. approximately 500.c. approximately 20,000.*d. infinite.(p. 6)38. Within a formal culture region, the cultural traits tend to be strongest*a. at the core.b. in the periphery.c. on the outskirts.d. in theborder zone.(p. 6)39. Which of the following is NOT a formal culture region?a. a corn-growing county in Iowa*b. a distribution network ofThe Washington Postc. a Chinese community in California’s San Gabriel Valleyd. the part of Russia called “Siberia”(pp. 4–6)40. Formal regions typically exhibit*a. a core-periphery pattern.b. well-defined boundaries.c. functional nodes.d. a set of culture traits with identical spatial patterns.(p. 6)41. The hallmark of a formal region isculturala. diversity.

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9b. stratification.c. harmony.*d. homogeneity.(p. 4)42. What type of region is a uniform area inhabited by people who have one or morecultural traits in common?a. functionalb. dynamicc. nodal*d. formal(p. 4)43. Because cultures overlap and mix, formal region boundaries are oftena. sharp.b. clearly delineated.c. geometric.*d. fuzzy.(p. 6)44. The Amish people live mostly in Lancaster County, Pennsylvania and the surroundingareas. The people of this religious group are known for their simple lifestyle and theirrejection of modern conveniences. A map showing the distribution of Amish inPennsylvania would help to define a(n)a. vernacular culture region.b. urban culture region.*c. formal culture region.d. functional culture region.(pp. 4–6)True/False45.The formal region is relatively heterogeneous with regard to six or more culturaltraits.a. True*b. False(p. 4)46. Formal culture regions are defined by border zones rather than sharp edges.

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10*a. Trueb. False(p. 6)47. Formal regions are defined by border zones rather than sharp edges.*a. Trueb. False(p.6)Functional Culture RegionMultiple-Choice48.Which of the following is NOT an example of a functional culture region?*a. religionb. countyc. cityd. precinct(pp. 6–8)49. Which type of culture region is organized to operate politically, socially, oreconomically as one unit?a.vernacular culture regionb. continental culture regionc. formal culture region*d. functional culture region(p. 7)50. The city of Omaha, Nebraska is best described as a(n)a. vernacular culture region.b. urban culture region.c. formal culture region.*d. functional culture region.(pp. 6–8)51. Each state within the United States, and each state within Canada, can beconsidered aa. vernacular culture region.

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11b. continental culture region.c. formal culture region.*d. functional culture region.(pp. 6-8)52. Which statement is NOT true of functional culture regions?a. Their borders may or may not be clearly defined.*b. Their interpretation varies widely.c. They generally do not coincide spatially with formal culture regions.d. They areconcrete rather than abstract entities.(pp. 7–8)53. State capitals andcity halls are both examples ofa. core activities.*b. nodes.c. peripheral functions.d. possibilistic architecture.(p. 7)54. Texas, New Hampshire, and Illinois are all examples ofa. vernacular culture regions.b. urban culture regions.c. formal culture regions.*d. functional culture regions.(pp. 6–8)True/False55. A functional culture region is culturally homogeneous.a. True*b. False(p. 7)55. Functional regions are characterized by functional homogeneity.a. True*b. False(p. 7)

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1256. While functional regions have a core and periphery, formal regions do not.a. True*b. False(p. 7)57. Functional regions always need to be culturally homogenous.a. True*b. False(p. 7)58. Not all functional regions have fixed precise borders.*a. Trueb. False(p. 7)59. A good example of a functional node is your state capital.*a. Trueb. False(p. 7)60. Formal and functional regions generally coincide spatially.a. True*b. False(p. 7)61. When you go to your college campus, you are visiting a node in a functional region.*a. Trueb. False(pp. 6–8)62. Many functional regions have clearly defined borders.*a. Trueb. False(p. 7)

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13Vernacular Culture RegionsMultiple-Choice63. At a basic level, the vernacular region grows out of* a. people’s sense of belonging.b. cultural homogeneity.c. popular culture nodes.d.functional organization.(p. 8)64. A culture region that is perceived to exist by its inhabitants is a*a. vernacular culture regionb. continental culture regionc. formal culture regiond. functional culture region(p. 8)65. In a large city with multiple neighborhoods at different elevations, one part of thecity is located at a higher altitude, and the people living in that neighborhood call it “TheHills.” The Hills is an example of a*a. vernacular culture region.b. continental culture region.c. formal culture region.d. functional culture region.(p. 8)66. All of the following are true of vernacular culture regions, EXCEPT*a.they are synonymous with functional culture regions.b.they generally lack sharp borders.c.they tend togrow out of people’s sense of belonging to and identification with aparticular region.d.the inhabitants of a vernacular culture region may accurately claim residence in morethan one such region.(pp. 8–9)67. The Far West and the Deep South area. formal regions.b. nodal regions.

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14c. physical regions.*d. vernacular regions.(pp. 8–9)True/False68. Vernacular culture regions are usually homogenous.a. True*b. False(pp. 8–9)69. A vernacularcultureregion issometimescentered on a single urban node.*a. Trueb. False(p. 9)70. Vernacularcultureregions, like most regions, generally lack sharp borders.*a. Trueb. False(pp. 8–9)CULTURAL DIFFUSIONMultiple-Choice71. The process by which learnedideas, innovations, and attitudes spread throughoutan area is*a. diffusion.b. interaction.c. ecology.d. teleology.(p. 10)72. It is believed that a certain plant was domesticated in two different parts of theworld, at two different times, by two cultures that never had contact with each other.The domestication of this plant can be considered a case ofa. relocation diffusion.*b. independent invention.

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15c. nodal interaction.d. contagious diffusion.(p. 10)73. ________ invention occurs when the same or very similar innovation is separatelydeveloped at different places by different peoples.a. Relocation*b. Independentc. Expansiond. Contagious(p.10)74. Through the study of ________________ , the geographer can begin to understandhow spatial patterns in culture emerged and evolved.a. specific parts of Western Europeb.twentiethcentury American history and independent inventionc. permeable barriers and Western European history*d. diffusion(p. 10)75. Sushi originated in Japan, but today many countries have restaurants that servesushi.This illustrates the concept ofa. independent invention.b. contagious diffusion.c. formal region evolution.*d. cultural diffusion.(p. 10)Types ofDiffusionMultiple-Choice76. The migration of Europeans into theWesternHemisphere included those peopleintroducing Christianity into the Americas, thereby illustrating the process of this type ofdiffusion.a. stimulusb. hierarchicalc. contagious*d. relocation(p. 10)

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