2024-2025 HESI A2 Anatomy and Physiology Practice Exam with Answers (588 Solved Questions)

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HESIA2|ANATOMYANDPHYSIOLOGY| LATEST|QUESTIONSWITHANSWERS2024/2025VERIFIED ANSWERS1.Skinresponsibleforfingerprints?DermalpapillaseMarkelcellsAmectors piliSudoriferousgland2.Whattypeofsynoviajointistheelbow?PivotHingeBall andsocketToddle3.Where is blood produced in infants after birth?HeartchamberRedbonemarrow4.What structure is a ball and socket joint?ElbowAnkleShoulderKnee5.What are macromolecules genetic code carried on?NucleotideChromosomesDNARNA6.Whatcavityofhearthasthethickestwall?RightatriumLeft atriumRight ventricleLeftventricle7.Whatarelikecellsgroupedtogethercalled?MembraneSystem

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OrganTissue8.Which type of skin cancer can be recognized in lesion character based on the ABCDrule?

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MelanomaBasalcellcaranomaSarcomaSquareallcarcua9.Whatcontributesphagocytesinwhitebloodcells?ERLysosomesVocuoleGolgiappearance10.Whichorganispartofmalereproductivesystemandurinarysystem?EpididermisUreterTestisUrethra11.Whichstructureregulatesthetransportsubstancesinand outofthe cell?CellmembraneCell’s cytoplasmaNucleus membraneCellplasma12.What is function of thrombocytes?Bloodclot13.Which bones are formed by intramembranous ossification?Flatbone70. Where does digestive begin in digesive system?SmallinterestineOral cavityAsophagusSternum14.Urinary bladder and internal reproductive organs are found in which cavity?PelvicAbdominalThoracicPleaure15.Which anatomic structure houses the malleus, inus, and staples?Ear16.Anaerobicrespiratory canleadtoaburningsensationcausedbywhichmolecules?

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18.Whatdocerumnousglandsecretes?EarwaxKeratinMucosOilysebum19.Which muscle of quadriceps famous group lies on the side surface of lower extremity?VastuslegsGastrucremnAnterior tibiaRectusfemur20.Whichstructureislocatedonsternum?XiphoidboneSesamaidboneHyoidboneOssicafied17.Anaerobic respiratory can lead to a burning sensation caused by which molecules?Creatine-phosphateADPATPLactinacid

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ANATOMYANDPHYSIOLOGYQUESTIONS1.Listthebodyplanes.2.Definesection.3.Definesagittalsection.4.Definefrontalsection.5.Definecrosssection.6.Whatistheanatomicposition?7.Whatarethetermsofdirection?8.Definethe termsofdirection.9.Defineproximal.10.Definedistal.11.Whatishistology? Thestudyoftissues12.Definetissue.13.Whatarethe fourfundamentaltissues?14.Definethefourtissues.15.Whatisthe largestorganofthebody?skin16.Whatarethetwolayersoftheskin?Dermis,epidermis17.Definethelayers.18.Definemelanin.19.Whatdoesthebodyframeworkconsistof?20.Whatarethefunctionsoftheskeletalsystem?21.Namethetypesofbones.22.Whatareosteoblasts?23.Howmanybonesdoestheaxial skeleton consistof?24.Whatdoestheappendicularskeletonconsistof?25.Whatmustbepresentforamusclecelltocontract?26.Whattypeofmusclesmakeup themuscularsystem?27.Whatdoesthe nervoussystemconsistof?28.Whatarethetwoparts ofthenervoussystem?29.List and definethemajorpartsofthebrain?30.Whatisthefunctionoftheendocrinesystem?31.Definehormones.32.Whatdoes wholeblood consistof?33.Whatisthesmallestartery?34.Whereisrespiration controlled?35.Whatisthefunctionoftherespiratorysystem?36.Whatisthealimentarycanal?37.Whatdoesthedigestivesystem consist of?38.Definebolus.39.Definechime.40.Whatarethepartsoftheurinarysystem?

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41.Whatisthefunctionofthekidneys?42.Whatisthefunctionoftheureters?43.Whatdoes theurinarybladderdo?44.Whatisthefunctionoftheurethra?Emptyurine45.Whatarethemalesexorgans?testes46.Whatarethefemalesexorgans?ovaries47.Whatisthefunctionofthemaleandfemale sexorgans?Producehormones

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C.D.growthhormoneglucocorticoids2.A.B.C.D.Whichstructurecontrols thehormonessecretedbythepituitarygland?hypothalamusadrenalglandtestespancreas3.Howmuchofafemale’sbloodvolumeiscomposedofredbloodcells?A.10%B.25%C.40%D.70%4.A.B.C.D.Whichtypeofcholesterol isconsidered to bethebest forhealth?LDLHDLVLDLVHDL5.Wherearethevocalcordslocated?AnatomyandPhysiology1.Whichofthefollowinghormonesdecreasestheconcentrationofbloodglucose?A.insulinB.glucagonA.bronchiB.trachea

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C.larynxD.epiglottis6.Wheredoesgas exchangeoccurin thehuman body?A.alveoliB.bronchiC.larynxD.pharynx7.Whatmineral isresponsibleformusclecontractions?A.ChlorideB.SodiumC.CalciumD.Magnesium8.In which of the following locations would the urinary bladder and internal reproductiveorgans befound?A.ThoraciccavityB.MediastinumC.AbdominalcavityD.Pelviccavity9.Whatseparatesthethoraciccavityfromtheabdominalcavity?A.DiaphragmB.MediastinumC.LiverD.Lungs

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D.Simplecolumnarepithelium—secretionor absorption11.Atissueexaminedunder themicroscopeexhibitsthefollowingcharacteristics:cellsfoundoninternal surface ofstomach,no extracellularmatrix,cells talland thin, nobloodvesselsinthetissue.Whattype oftissueisthis?A.B.C.D.E.EpithelialConnectiveMuscleCartilageNervous12.Nervetissueiscomposedofneuronsand connectivetissuecellsthat arereferredtoaswhichofthefollowing?A.B.C.D.OsteoblastsNeurogliaOsteocytesArterioles13.Whichtissueservesastheframeworkofthebodyby providingsupport andstructurefortheorgans?A.B.C.D.EpithelialConnectiveNervousMuscle10.Whichofthefollowingepithelial typesiscorrectlymatchedwith itsmajorfunction?A.Simplesquamousepithelium—secretionorabsorptionB.Stratifiedsquamousepithelium—changesshapewhenstretchedC.Stratifiedsquamousepithelium—diffusion

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14.Whatisthebasic unitof lifeandthebuildingblock oftissuesand organs?A.AtomB.OrganelleC.CellD.DNA15.What is the exchange of gases between the atmosphere and the blood through the alveolicalled?A.ExternalrespirationB.InternalrespirationC.InhalationD.Cellularrespiration16.Inorderforinhalationtooccur, whatmusthappen?A.Contraction of the diaphragm, which decreases the volume of the chest cavity and drawsairintothelungsB.Contraction of the diaphragm, which enlarges the chest cavity and draws air into thelungsC.Recoil ofthelungsastherespiratorymusclescontract,andthethoraxdecreasesinsizeD.Recoil ofthelungs astherespiratorymusclesrelax,and thethoraxdecreases insize17.Mostof thecarbon dioxideintheblooddoes which of thefollowing?A.Itiscarriedinsolutionorboundtobloodproteins.B.Itiscarriedonhemoglobin.C.Itisconvertedtobicarbonateionsbycarbonicanhydrasewithin redbloodcells.D.It isconvertedtobicarbonateionsbycarbonicanhydrasewithintheplasma.18.Howdoes the trachea remainopen likeahollowtube?A.Airpressureinsidekeepsitopen.

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B.Supportingcartilaginousrings keepitopen.C.Itisreinforcedwithbone thatcannotcollapse.D.Specialmusclesareworkingtokeepthetrachea open.19.Thestomach musclechurnsandmixesfood,turning themassintoasoupysubstancecalledwhichofthefollowing?A.BolusB.BileC.ChymeD.Feces20.Whichtypeofcell divisiontakesplaceinthegonads?A.MitosisB.MeiosisC.BinaryfissionD.Asexualdivision21.In whatareaofthebodywouldyouexpecttofindanespeciallythick stratumcorneum?A.BackofthehandB.HeelofthefootC.AbdomenD.Overtheshin22.Whichofthefollowingproteinsisproducedbycartilage?A.actinB.estrogenC.collagenD.myosin

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23.Whichcomponent ofthenervoussystemisresponsibleforlowering theheart rate?A.centralnervoussystemB.sympatheticnervoussystemC.parasympatheticnervoussystemD.distalnervoussystem24.Whichtypeofsubstancebreaksdownto formurea?A.lipidB.proteinC.carbohydrateD.iron25.Whatis thename forajointthatcan onlymoveintwodirections?A.hingeB.insertionC.ballandsocketD.flange26.Inwhichofthefollowing muscletypesarethefilamentsarrangedinadisorderlymanner?A.cardiacB.smoothC.skeletalD.rough27.Whataretheglandsofskin thatproduceathin,waterysecretion?A.SebaceousglandsB.EccrineglandsC.Apocrineglands

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D.Endocrineglands28.Skin aids in maintaining the calcium and phosphate levels of the body by participating intheproductionofwhichof the following?A.SebumD.AdiposetissueB.C.D.KeratinVitaminAVitaminD29.A.B.C.D.Whichofthefollowingarefunctions oftheskeletalsystem?(Select all thatapply.)SupportthebodyHemopoiesisConduct impulsesProvideprotection30.Theorthopedic surgeoninforms youthatyouhavebrokenthemiddleregionofthehumerus.Whatishedescribing?A.B.C.D.EpiphysisArticularcartilagePerichondriumDiaphysis31.Youhavebeengiven asampleoftissuethathasopenspacespartially filledbyanassemblageofneedlelikestructures.What is thetissue?A.B.C.SpongyboneCompactboneCartilage

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32.Thehearthasanintrinsicbeatthat isinitiated bywhich ofthefollowing?A.SemilunarvalveB.BicuspidvalveC.TricuspidvalveD.Sinoatrialnode33.Vasodilationandvasoconstriction result fromwhichofthefollowing?A.ContractionofsmoothmuscleinthearterialwallB.Relaxationofsmooth muscleinthearterialwallC.RelaxationandcontractionofsmoothmuscleinthearterialwallD.Contractionandrelaxationofsmoothmuscleinthevenouswall34.Whichofthefollowingis thebloodvesselwhereexchangestakeplace betweenbloodandthe cells ofthebody?A.ArteryB.VeinC.CapillaryD.Arteriole35.Whatisthefunctionofaldosterone?A.Itconvertsproinsulintoinsulin.B.Itconservessodium inthebody.C.Itprotectsagainst stress.D.Itaffectsheat production.36.Allthenutrients that enterthehepaticportal veinarerouted wherefordecontamination?A.KidneyB.PancreasC.Spleen

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D.Liver37.Whichofthefollowingbones is theonlymoveableboneoftheskull?A.MaxillaB.ZygomaticC.LacrimalD.Mandible38.A.B.C.D.Which mineral is responsible for regulating fluid in the body?ChlorideSodiumCalciumMagnesium39.A.B.C.D.Whyareskeletalmusclesalsocalledvoluntarymuscles?Theyareunderconsciouscontrol.They are attached to the skeleton.TheyuseATPtoenergizecontraction.Theyarestriatedinappearance.40.All actions of the nervous system depend on the transmission of nerve impulses overwhich of thefollowing?A.NeurogliaB.EfferentpathwaysC.AfferentpathwaysD.Neurons41.MotororneuronstransmitnerveimpulsesawayfromtheCNS.A.Afferent

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B.EfferentC.CentralD.Peripheral42.Jefferyhascontracted bulbarpoliomyelitis,andithasaffectedthemedullaoblongata.The doctors warned the family that his condition is grave and death may be imminent. Whatfunctionsofthemedullaoblongatahavewarrantedsuchadireprognosis?A.Themedullaoblongatacontainsvitalcentersthatcontrolheartaction,bloodvesseldiameter,and respiration.B.Themedullaoblongatacontainsneuralconnectionsofthereticular-activatingsystem.C.Themedullaoblongatacontainsthepinealgland,whichcontrols thevitalcenters.D.Themedullaoblongatacontainsthecorporaquadrigemina,whichcontrolstheneuraltransmissionofimpulses alongthespinalcord.43.What are chemical messengers that control growth, differentiation, and the metabolism ofspecifictargetcellscalled?A.HormonesB.NeuronsC.GlandsD.Secondmessengers44.Whichofthefollowingaretropichormones?(Select all thatapply.)A.SomatotropinB.Follicle-stimulatinghormoneC.AntidiuretichormoneD.Thyroid-stimulatinghormone45.Whichleukocytesarecorrectlymatchedwith theirfunctionordescription?(Selectallthatapply.)A.Monocytes—becomemacrophages

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B.Basophils—themost common typeofWBCC.Lymphocytes—importantinimmuneresponseD.Neutrophils—phagocytizemicroorganisms46.Whicharethefunctionalunitsof thekidney?A.UretersB.GlomeruliC.NephronsD.Renalcapsules47.Whatarethetwofunctions ofthemaleandfemalesex organs?A.ProductionofallcellsandproductionofhormonesB.ProductionofinterstitialcellsandproductionofhormonesC.Productionofgametesand productionofhormonesD.Productionofgametesand productionofinterstitialcells48.Inmen,spermatozoa developwithintheofeachtestis.A.SeminiferoustubulesB.VasdeferensC.EjaculatoryductsD.Bulbourethralglands49.Testicularactivityisunderthecontrolofwhichhormone(s)?A.FSHB.LHC.GHD.BothFSHandLH

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50.Whichhormoneinitiates thepreparationofthe endometriumoftheuterus forpregnancy?A.FSHB.EstrogenC.LHD.Progesterone51.During pregnancy, what organ produces the hormones that maintain the endometrium andpreparethebreasts formilkproduction?A.PlacentaB.UterusC.CervixD.Corpusluteum52.Whatisthenameofthestructurethatpreventsfoodfromenteringtheairway?A.tracheaB.esophagusC.diaphragmD.epiglottis53.Whichsubstancemakesup thepadsthatprovidesupportbetweenthevertebrae?A.boneB.cartilageC.tendonD.fat54.Howmany differenttypes oftissuearetherein thehumanbody?A.fourB.sixC.eight

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D.ten55.Whatisthename oftheoutermostlayerofskin?A.dermisB.epidermisC.subcutaneoustissueD.hypodermis56.Whichhormonestimulatesmilkproductioninthebreastsduringlactation?A.norepinephrineB.antidiuretichormoneC.prolactinD.oxytocin57.Whichofthefollowingstructureshasthelowestbloodpressure?A.arteriesB.arterioleC.venuleD.vein58.Whichoftheheartchambersis themost muscular?A.leftatriumB.rightatriumC.leftventricleD.rightventricle59.Whichpartofthe braininterpretssensoryinformation?A.cerebrum

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B.hindbrainC.cerebellumD.medullaoblongata60.Howmuchairdoesanadult inhaleinanaveragebreath?A.500mLB.750mLC.1000mLD.1250mL61.Whichtypeofcell secretesantibodies?A.bacterialcellB.viralcellC.lymphcellD.plasmacells62.Whichforcemotivatesfiltrationinthekidneys?A.osmosisB.smoothmusclecontractionC.peristalsisD.bloodpressure63.Which structure of the nervous system carries action potential in the direction of asynapse?A.cellbodyB.axonC.neuronD.myelin

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D.brain65.Whatisthenameoftheprocessin thelungsbywhich oxygenistransportedfromtheairtotheblood?A.B.C.D.osmosisdiffusiondissipationreverseosmosis64.Whereistheparathyroid glandlocated?A.neckB.backC.side

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ANATOMYAND PHYSIOLOGY1.The pulse point located behind the knee is palpated over which artery?Popliteal2.PartofthebodyFacingforward-Anterior3.……ABCDofcancer?Melanoma{Themostdangerousform ofskincancer}4.Whichofthefollowingstatementsbestdescribeendocrineglands?Theysecretechemicalsinto theblood5.Whichorgan is partofboth themalereproductivesystem &theurinarysystem?Urethra6.Anaerobic respiration can lead to a burning sensation caused by which molecule?Lacticacid7.When assessing a female client who describes herself as a vegetarian in the nurse notesthat she has an unusual skin color. The nurse should ask the client if she has eaten largeamountof:Carrotandsquash8.Which hand position describes an anatomical position of a person who is standing erectwithfeet forward?Palmsofthehandfacinganteriorly9.Whatarelikecellsgroupedtogethercalled?A tissue10.Whattypeofsynovialjointistheelbow?Hinge11.Which structure is a ball and socket joint?Shoulder12.Whatarefingerprintsmadeof?FrictionRidges13.Whatarelikecellsgroupedtogethercalled?Tissue14.Whichisthe largest chamberoftheheart?LeftVentricle15.Membranethat linesbodycavitiesthat opentheexterior of thebodyis

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Mucousmembrane(insideofthebodycavity-serousmembrane)16.Whichmuscleofthequadriceps femorisgrouplieson theslidesurfaceofthelowerextremity?Vastuslateralis17.Whichstructureislocated onthesternum?Xiphoidprocess18.What occurs when the sympathetic nervous system is stimulated?IncreasedCardiacoutput19.Wheredoesdigestionbegininthedigestivesystem?Oralcavity/Mouth20.Whichcell structureregulatesthetransportationofsubstancesin andoutthecell?Cellmembrane21.TheMalleus,Incus,andStapesarelocatedinwhichpartofthebody?Ear22.Whatisthefunctionofthethrombocytes(platelets)?Playroleinbloodclotting23.Whatistheresponseofcellsinthecollectingtubulesinthenephronswhenantidiuretichormone(ADH)issecreted?Waterisreabsorbedfromtheurinaryfiltrate24.WhatisthefunctionofGolgibody/apparatus inthehumancell?Processproteinsecretion.synthesizecarbsandglycoproteins25.4stepsinBoneformation:Hematoma(inflammation)-callusformation-ossification-remodeling.26.Whichlobeofthebrainisresponsibleforauditoryfunctioning?Temporallobe27.When water molecules move across cell membrane from high to low concentration thisprocessis called?Osmosis28.Facilitatestherecognitionofgeneticcodeonmacromolecules?DNA29.What plane divides the body from left to right?Sagittalplane

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30.Aqueoushumoriswateryfluidin whichpart ofthebody?EyeA&PVersion1and2-MIX1.What are the chemical substances that prevent a sharp change in the pH of a fluidwhenanacidorabaseisadded toit?Buffer2.WhatdoT-lymphocytesdo?Defendthebodyagainstmicrobes3.WhichstructureproducesT-lymphocytes?Thymus4.WhichstructureproducesB-lymphocytes?Redbonemarrow5.WhatisthefunctionofEustachiantube?Equilibratespressurebetweenthemiddleearandexternal environment6.What physiological response occurs when epinephrine and non-ephedrine-Bloodisdirectedtowardtheheart,skeletalmusclesandbrain.7.Which of the following is a structure found in the upper respiratory system?Pharynx(throat). It includes nose (nostrils), nasal cavity, mouth, and larynx(voicebox).8.ThestructureinthelowerRS includes:Trachea,primarybronchiandlungs.9.Calcaneusislocatedinwhat partofthebody?Foot10.Dorsiflexionplantarflexionaretypesofjointmovementthatareassociatedwithwhichpartofthebody?Foot11.Apersonwho hasdamagetotheirulnarnervewillhavedecreasedsensation in whicharea?Arm–inabilitytoabducthandsandfingers12.Theankle isdistaltotheknee13.Posteriormeanswhat partofthebody?

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