Lecture Notes for HDEV: Human Lifespan Development, 6th Edition

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1Chapter1H i s t o r y , T h e o r i e s , a n d M e t h o d sChapter OverviewThis chapter provides the general introduction to the field of developmental psychology. Itbeginswith a definition of child development and a discussion of the purposes and goals oftheory and research in the fieldof developmental psychology.Abrief survey of the pioneers inthe field of developmental psychology, includingJohnLocke,Jean-JacquesRousseau,G.StanleyHall,AlfredBinet,WilliamPerry, andGisellaLabouvie-Vief,is followed by adescription and evaluation ofeach of the majorperspectives onchild development—psychoanalytic,learning(behavioralandsocialcognitive theories),cognitive,biological,ecological,and sociocultural. Next, the nature-nurture, continuity-discontinuity, and active–passive controversies in the fieldof developmentare overviewed. Finally, research methods aredescribed(naturalistic-observation,case study, correlation, experimental research, longitudinalresearch, cross-sectional studies, and cross-sequential research), including a presentation of thegeneral idea behind the scientific method, ways of gathering information in child developmentalscience, the correlational method (and its limitations), and how to approach and designexperiments.The chapter ends with anoverview ofthespecial methods neededtoassessdevelopment over time, specificallylongitudinal versus cross-sectional research and the ways inwhich the cross-sequential research design handles the advantages and disadvantages of each, aswell as adiscussion oftheethical issues in research with children.Chapter Learning ObjectivesHaving read the chapter, students should beable toachieve theobjectivesgiven below.•Explain what child developmentis•Describe why it is important to study child development•Discuss the history of child development•Compare the different developmental views across time•Compare thedifferent major theories of child development•Analyze the major controversies in the study of child development•Identifyandcompare different research methods used inthestudyofchild development•Explain the purposeof each of the different research methods discussed in thischapter•Describe the different ethical considerations when conducting developmental researchChapter Outline

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