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Lewis ch 47 Renal Disorders NCLEX

NCLEX renal disorder questions from Lewis Chapter 47 focusing on acute kidney injury (AKI) causes, including prerenal, intrarenal, postrenal factors, and acute tubular necrosis (ATN) scenarios.

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Lewis ch 47 Renal Disorders NCLEXWhat are intrarenal causes of acute kidney injury (AKI) (select all diac apply)?a. Anaphylaxisb. Renal stonesc. Bladder cancerd.Nephrotoxic drugse. Acute glomemlor.ephritisf.Tubular obstructionbymyoglobin -d,e, f. Intrarenal causes of acute kidney injury (AKI)include conditions that cause direct damage to rhekidney tissue, including nephrotoxic drugs, acuteglomerulonephritis, and tubular obstruction by myoglobin, or prolonged ischemia.Anaphylaxis and ocher prerenal problems are frequently rhe initial cause of AKI. Renal stonesand bladder cancer are among the posrrenal causes of AKI.An 83-year-old female patient was found hung on the bathroom floor. She said she fell 2days ago and has not been able to take her heart medicine or eat or drink anything since then.What conditions could be causing prerenal AKI in this patient (select all that apply)?a. Anaphylaxisb. Renal calculic. Hypovolemiad. Nephrotoxic drugse. Decreased cardiac output -c, e.Because the patient has had nothing to eat or drinkfor 2 days, she is probably dehydrated and hypovolemic. Decreased cardiac output (CO) ismost likely because she is older and cakes heart medicine, which is probably for heart failureor hypertension. Both hypovolemia and decreased CO cause prerenal AKI. Anaphylaxis isalso a cause of prerer.al AKI bur is not likely in this situation. Nephrotoxic drugs wouldcontribute to intrarenal causes of AKI and renal calculi would be a postrenal cause of AKI.Acute tubular necrosis (ATN) is the most common cause of intrarenal AKI. Which patient ismost likely todevelop ATN?a. Patient with diabetes mellitusb. Patient with hypertensive crisisc. Patient who tried co overdose on acetaminophend. Patient with major surgery who required a blood transfusion -d.Acute tubular necrosis (ATN) is primarily the resultof ischemia, nephrotoxins, or sepsis. Major surgeryis most likely to cause severe kidney ischemia in thepatient requiring a blood transfusion. A blood transfusion hemoh tic reaction producesnephrotoxic injury if it occurs. Diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and acetaminophen overdosewill not contribute to ATN.Priority Decision: A dehydrated patient is in the Injury stage of the RIFLE staging of AKI.What would ±e nurse

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