Solution Manual For Earth Science, 14th Edition

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1The chapterIntroduction to Earth Scienceopens by listing and describing what sciences comprise theencompassing heading of Earth science. These include geology, oceanography, meteorology, astronomy, andenvironmental science. It goes on to introduce the concept of scales of space and time. The nature of scientificinquiry is discussed. The chapter explains the origins and creation of the Earth and solar system while notingthe differences in how the inner and outer planets formed. Earth’s four major spheres are addressed. Thesespheres are the hydrosphere, atmosphere, biosphere, and geosphere. The chapter looks at Earth’s internalstructure from both a physical properties and a chemical composition point of view. This leads to the conceptof plate tectonics and a brief introduction to plate boundary types. A quick overview of the differencebetween major continental features and major oceanic features follows. The chapter wraps up by discussinghow and why Earth is a system, citing examples of feedback loops and how people interact with the Earthsystem.FOCUS ON CONCEPTSAfter reading, studying, and discussing the chapter, students should be able to:1.1List and describe the sciences that collectively make up Earth science. Discuss the scales of space andtime in Earth science.1.2Discuss the nature of scientific inquiry and distinguish between a hypothesis and a theory.1.3Outline the stages in the formation of our solar system.1.4List and describe Earth’s four major spheres.1.5Label a diagram that shows Earth’s internal structure. Briefly explain why the geosphere can bedescribed as being mobile.1.6List and describe the major features of the continents and ocean basins.1.7Definesystemand explain why Earth is considered to be a system.STRATEGIES FOR TEACHING EARTH SCIENCEChapter 1 is meant to be an introductory chapter. Use this chapter to highlight topics in which you haveparticular expertise or that you expect to cover in more detail throughout the course. Since it is meant to be anoverview of Earth science, avoid the pitfall of going into great detail about each topic at the beginning of yourcourse when students are reading this chapter. Give students the general idea of what they will encounterduring the course. It may be useful to point out which chapters explore particular topics in more detail for thecoming weeks.•Pose the question, “What is Earth science?” Consider having students discuss this question withothers seated near them and asking for collective answers. This is also a good icebreaker for the startof a course, so that students may meet others in the class.•Have students brainstorm, either individually or in small groups, ways that Earth science affectsthem. Have them think of how they impact the Earth.•Use a visual aid to help students grasp the concept of geologic time. Construct a toilet paper geologictime scale prior to class (see Additional Resources). This generates student interest and shows theChapter1Introduction to Earth Science

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