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Solution Manual for Introduction to Seismology, 3rd Edition

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Chapter 1Exercise solutions1. The radii of the Earth, Moon, and Sun are 6,371 km, 1,738 km, and 6.951×105km, respectively. From Figures 1.1, 1.5, and 1.6, make a rough estimateof how long it takes aP-wave to traverse the diameter of each body.Crude estimates based on mean velocity follow:Earth: 2×6371 km / 11 km/s = 1160 s = 19.3 minMoon: 2×1738 km / 7.6 km/s = 460 s = 7.7 minSun: 2×7×105km / 250 km/s = 5600 s = 93 min2. ThePtoSvelocity ratio for most common rocks is about 1.7 (∼ √3). Whatsolid part of the Earth has a very differentP/Svelocity ratio? Hint: Look atFigure 1.1.The inner core, where theP/Svelocity ratio is about 3.3. Assume that theSvelocity perturbations plotted at 150 km depth in Figure1.7 extend throughout the uppermost 300 km of the mantle.Estimate howmany seconds earlier a vertically upgoingS-wave will arrive at a seismic stationin the middle of Canada, compared to a station in the eastern Pacific. Ignoreany topographic or crustal thickness differences between the sites; consideronly the integrated travel time difference through the upper mantle.Svelocity is about 4.5 km/s, so wave takes 300/4.5 = 67 s to go 300 km.Canada is about 1.4% fast; eastern Pacific is about 1.8% slow. The differenceis 3.2% or 0.032.Thus, S-wave will arrive earlier at central Canadian station by about (0.032)67=2.1 s. This may be an underestimate because the plot is saturated so theperturbations could exceed these values.4. Assuming that thePvelocity in the ocean is 1.5 km/s, estimate the minimumand maximum water depths shown in Figure 1.8. If the crustalPvelocity is 5km/s, what is the depth to the top of the magma chamber from the sea floor?1

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Introduction To Seismology by Peter...

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