Solution Manual for Introductory Statistics, 9th Edition

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Chapter 1Introduction1Section 1.11.11)Statisticsrefers to numerical facts such as the age of a student or the income of a family.2)Statistics refers to the field or discipline of study. Statistics is a group of methods used to collect,analyze, present, and interpret data and to make decisions.1.2Descriptive statisticsconsists of methods that help us organize, display, and describe data using tables,graphs, and summary measures.Inferential statisticsconsists of methods that use sample results to helpmake decisions or predictions about a population.1.3a.This is an example of inferential statistics because a poll was taken using a sample of adults and basedon the results, conclusions are inferred with a certain margin of error.b.This is an example of descriptive statistics because information was gathered and tabulated, but noinference was made to a larger population.Section 1.21.4Anelementis a specific subject or object about which the information is collected. Avariableis acharacteristic under study that assumes different values for different elements. Anobservationis the valueof a variable for a single element. Adata setis a collection of observations on one or more variables.1.5With reference to this table, we have the following definitions:•Member: Each disease included in the table•Variable: The number of deaths•Measurement: The number of deaths from each disease•Data set: Collection of the number of deaths from each disease listed in the table1.6a.Number of deathsb.Eightc.Eight (diseases)Section 1.31.7a.Aquantitative variableis a variable that can be measured numerically.b.A variable that cannot assume a numeric value but can be classified into two or more nonnumericcategories is called aqualitative variable.c.Adiscrete variableisa variable whose values are countable.

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