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Test Bank for Mosaicos: Spanish as a World Language, 7th Edition

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    Club cultura 1 Club cultura, Videoscript Bienvenidos a Club cultura Welcome to Club cultura , an exciting journey that will introduce you to the rich diversity, breathtaking beauty, language, history, traditions, and modern - day vibrancy of the Spanish - speaking world. Together we’ll explore El mundo hispano, or the Hispanic World, as we visit Latin America, Spain, the Caribbean, Africa, and the United States. Throughout the program, you will meet six international hosts, as well as countless fr iends and acquaintances, who will guide you on a unique journey through each country. You will join Horacio, Laura, Gerardo, Ana, Sharinna, and Mariano as they visit many exciting destinations, meet the local inhabitants, engage in some exhilarating culin ary adventures, take part in ancient rituals, learn about new customs, and find some very exciting things to do! From one side of the globe to the other, it’s going to be a real adventure! For example, did you know that Spanish is spoken today in parts o f Africa? With Mariano, we’ll visit Equatorial Guinea and learn how this central African country, a former Spanish colony, still retains the language and many cultural traditions from its colonial past. In Spain, or Espa ñ a, you ’ ll walk side - by - side wit h the stars at the San Sebasti á n International Film Festival, and see what life is like for over 80,000 students at the country’s largest university, la Complutense. Throughout the Americas, where the majority of the world’s Spanish - speaking population r esides, you will learn about a wide variety of old and new traditions stemming from the unique blend of indigenous, African, and European cultures. For example, we’ll see how some unique national fiestas, or holidays, are celebrated, taste am azing cuisines that blend old and new world culinary practices, and listen to the unique rhythms of each country. From the Afro Caribbean beats in Cuba, to the mariachi of Mexico, to the Argentine tango, you will witness a wealth of cultural diversity across this vast landscape. It’s a landscape that’s as beautiful and diverse as the people who live here. From the soaring peaks of the Andes to the vast plains of the Pampas, from the dense green rainforests of the Amazon to the pristine white beaches and crystal clear w aters of the Caribbean, there is an incredible diversity of landscapes to explore.

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    Club cultura 2 Beyond the open landscapes, we ’ ll dive into the bustling urban lifestyle of some of the largest metropolitan areas, including Mexico City, Lima, and Bogot á ; then go off th e beaten path for some adventure sports in the highlands of Paraguay, surf the perfect wave off the coast of El Salvador, hike the Andes along the eastern Chilean border, visit a coffee plantation in the highlands of Colombia, learn from expert Mayan weave rs at the open - air market in Chichicastenango, Guatemala, help prepare a meal with the Ember á community in southern Panam á , go to a baseball academy in the Dominican Republic, and a soccer match in New York’s famous Yankee Stadium. While Yankee Stadium itself may not be so far off the beaten path, have you ever come here to watch a soccer game between the New York City F ú tbol Club and D.C. United? With the Hispanic population growing more quickly than any othe r ethnic group in this country, we are s eein g the incredible influence that the Hispanic population is having on so many aspects of American culture today. In each segment, you will hear a variety of regional accents and meet a wide range of people that come from all parts of the Spanish - speaking world, each with a unique dialect and engaging personality. Listeni ng to these different dialects will help make you feel more comfortable with the many li nguistic variations of Spanish, and serve a s an excellent model to follow a s you continue to increase your own ability to communicate in the language. So, as we say in Spanish, felicidades , or congratulations, on your decision to study the language and cultures of the Spanish - speaking world. We hope that Club cultura provides y ou with an enjoyable and enticing virtual voyage throughout el Mundo hispano. Good luck and have a good trip! Or, in your new language: ¡ Buena suerte !, y ¡ Buen viaje !

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    Club cultura 1 C lub cultura, Videoscript Argentina Introducción Hello, I'm Horacio, y our Spanish presenter. I'm in Buenos Aires, the capital of Argentina. Right now, I'm at the Obelisco, one of the most important landmarks of the city. I also should tell you that Argentina is the second biggest country in South America. Come with me! There are 1,300 miles from here to La Quiaca, the northernmost town in the country, on the border with Bolivia. There are 1,900 miles from here to Ushuaia in Tierra del Fuego, the sou thernmost city in the world. There’s the same distance from Ushuaia to La Quiaca as from New York to Fairbanks in Alaska. There are all kinds of landscapes in Argentina. The glaciers of Patagonia on the southeast. The deserts in the plateaus of La Puna on the northeast. The Iguazú falls on the northeast, on the border with Brazil. La Pampa, the most fertile area of the country. And the tallest mountain in the Americas: El Aconcagua, on the border with Chile. All of this natural diversity and beauty are spread over 23 provinces, and the autonomous city of Buenos Aires. But there's so much more to see in Argentina. I'll show you! La vida cultural de Buenos Aires Here, at the Obelisco in Buenos Aires, is the intersection of tw o major thoroughfares: Ave nida 9 de Julio , wh ich is the widest in the world. And Avenida Corrientes , which is always full of people, day and night. Here, you can discover Argentinians’ love of culture. This avenue features many theaters, concert halls and bookstores. This is proba bly the most famous bookstore in Buenos Aires: El Ateneo . Argentina has a big literary tradition and is the most well - read country in Latin America. This is an old t heater turned into a book store a nd coffee shop. I am wait ing for an Argentinian friend who will show us this part of the city.

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    Club cultura 2 Horacio: Hello. Yanina, what's up? Look, did y ou know that this metro station i s also called Callao in Madrid? Yanina: Yes, I did. But there’s one difference: here in Argentina, we don't call it "metro" , we call it "subte" . Horacio : "Subte" ? Yanina: Shall we? Horacio: Let's go. This avenue is very similar to Gran Via in Madrid, right? Yanina: Yes, this is Avenida de Mayo . It was built at the end of the XIX century. It was inspired by the boulevards of Paris. However, there are many places that do resemble Spain. Because when it was built, many Spanish immigrants lived here. It's one of th e liveliest avenues in all of Buenos Aires . There are c afes, theaters and restaurants. All with a certain feel and especially with a Spanish flair. Horacio: Of course, that is why the most universal Spanish symbol is found here: the statue of Don Quixote. Yanina: One of the most important squares in Argentina is located at the end of Avenida de Mayo : The Plaza de Mayo . But the re’s so much more in this area. You've got the government's headquarters: the Casa Rosada ( Pink House ), which is like the White House in the U.S. Horacio: So the president of Argentina lives here? Yanina: No, this is just where the president works. The pre sident usually lives in Olivos, in the outskirts of Buenos Aires. Here's the cathedral wher e José de San Martín is buried. Many people call him the "Father o f the Nation". La inmigración y otras influencias culturales I am in the place w here modern Argentina was born. Not this neighborhood, but there, in the Puerto de la Boca . Do you see that river? Bo ats used to dock here, packed with immigrants. Since its independence from Spain, Argentina became one of the countries with the highest percentage of immi gration in the world. In Buenos Aires , for example, there were times when there were more immigrants than locals.

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    Club cultura 3 There's a popular sa ying here that Argentinians were not born in Argentina, b ut rather arrived here by boat. Interviewee: Well, they came from G uipúzcoa in the north of Spain, on the border with France. Horacio: So were you born there or in Argentina? Interviewee: I was born 19 days after my family arrived here. Horacio: As we saw in the Avenida de Mayo , Argentina re ceived many Spanish immigrants. But there's another importa nt immigrant group: Italians. Interviewee: Italy. Horacio: Italy? Some say that Argent inians a re Italians that speak Spanish, due to their inf luence on their vocabulary, such as "gamba" instead of "pierna" ("leg") or "birra" instead of "cerveza" ("beer"). In addition to Spanish and Italian immigrants, lots of Eastern Europeans c ame to Arge ntina, s u ch as Syrians, Lebanese, Turks, Asians… people from all over the world. El baile y la música You may be wondering what Argentinians ’ favorite music is. The truth is that there's a wid e variety. For example... Tango? Most people identify Argentina with ta ngo. But the truth is that tango is most characteristi c of the capital: Buenos Aires. In Argentina’s countryside, such as in Salta or in Tucumán up north, fo lk music is more widespread, like the zamba , the chacarera or the malambo . Look , here's the Peña de Mataderos. Let's see if they can teach me how to dance. But one genre that is equally liked by people in Buenos Aires and the rest of Argentina is Argentinian rock. In fact, I'm ready to go to a concert tonight. You may be wondering why I’m wea ring pajamas to a rock concert. Because one of the most famous rock bands in Argentina, t he Bersuit Vergarabat, performs in pajamas. And so do their fans! La Argentinidaaad... ¡Al palo!

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    Club cultura 4 La gastronomía argentina The day a fter a concert, there's nothing better than a good Argentinian asado . It's the Argentinian food par excellence. Horacio: Yanina, how are you? Yanina: Hey, how was the concert? Horacio: Wow. Asados are equivalent to gatherings. Family and frie nds come together at the grill. In Argentina, almost all cel ebrations, parties and holidays go together with a good asado . But asados are not just for weekends, you can also enjoy one during the week. But you'll need a lot of time. Bon appétit! Horacio: A toast to the cook and to family and friends. To doing this again, i n Peking or wherever it may be. All: Cheers! Horacio: After an asado with the family, hangin g out with friends is the best. And it's eas y to get Argentinians together. How? With mate . Mate is one of the most popular drinks in Argentina. It is a social custom that represents union and sharing. Wh en you get coffee with frie nds, you each have a cup. But not if you drink mate . Mate is shared by everyone and is passed around from one person to the next. It's like tea but a bit more bitter. When a group of people invites you to drink mate , they are inv iting you to become part o f it. Mate is the first step toward a gr eat friendship. Mate is a good excuse to have a conversation or debate. It 's now dinner time. You can see the influence of I talian immigration on Argentina in the great number of pizza parlors around. In Buenos Ai re s alone, there are said to be more than 11,000 pizza parlors. Pizza parlors are also where p eople go to watch soccer games. So ccer is the most popular sport. 9 o ut of 10 Argentinians are fans. Or as they say here: they are "hinchas" of a team. Soccer is a passion for many Argentin ians, especially when the national team plays. Argentina won the World Cup twice. And three of the top five best soccer playe rs in history are Argentinians. Pizza is not the only thing you can eat at an Argentinian pizza parlo r. And the empanada is, without a doubt, the most popular. Empanadas are pastries stuffed with chicken, beef, ham an d cheese… sometimes corn... and they are one of the tastiest Argentinian dishes.

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    Club cultura Club cultura, Videoscript Argentina Introducción Hola, soy Horacio, tu presentador de España. Y estoy en Buenos Aires, la capital de Argentina. Ahora mismo me encuentro en el Obelisco, uno de los símbolos más importantes de la ciudad. También tengo que decirte que Argentina es el segundo país más grande de Sudamérica. ¡Vente conmigo! Desde aquí, hay 1.300 millas hasta La Quiaca, el pueblo más al norte en la frontera con Bolivia. Y 1.900 millas hasta Ushuaia, en Tierra del Fuego, la ciudad más al sur del planeta. Desde Ushuaia hasta La Quiaca hay la misma distancia que de New York a Fairbanks, en Alaska. En Argentina, encontramos todo tipo de paisajes: Los glaciares de la Patagonia al suroeste. Los desiertos del altiplano de La Puna al noroe ste. Las cataratas del Iguazú al noroeste en la frontera con Brasil. La Pampa, que es la región más fértil del país. Y la montaña más alta de todo el continente americano: el Aconcagua, en la frontera con Chile. Pero toda esta diversidad y belleza natural está repartida en 23 provincias y la Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires. Pero hay muchas más cosas que ver en Argentina. ¡Te las voy a mostrar! La vida cultural de Buenos Aires Aquí, en el Obelisco de Buenos Aires, se cruzan las dos avenidas principales de la ciudad: La Avenida 9 de Julio, que es la avenida más ancha del mundo, y la Avenida Corrientes, que siempre está llena de gente de día y de noche. Aquí puedes descubrir el gusto argentino por la cultura. Es una avenida llena de teatros, salas de conciertos y librerías. Ésta es probablemente la librería más famosa de Buenos Aires: El Ateneo. Argentina tiene una gran tradición literaria y es el país latinoamericano dónde más se lee. Es un antiguo teatro reconvertido en librería y en cafetería. Esto y esperando a una amiga argentina que nos va a enseñar esta parte de la ciudad.

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    Club cultura Horacio: ¡Hola! Yanina, ¿qué tal? Mira, ¿sabías que esta estación de metro en Madrid también se llama Callao? Yanina: Sí sabía. Pero con una diferencia: acá en Argentina no d ecimos "metro", nosotros decimos "subte". Horacio: ¿Subte? Yanina: ¿Vamos? Horacio: Vamos. Esta avenida se parece mucho a la Gran Vía de Madrid, ¿no? Yanina: Sí, esta es la Avenida de Mayo. Es una avenida de finales del siglo XIX. Fue inspirada en los bulevares de París. Pero igualmente hay muchos lugares que recuerdan a España porque cuando se construyó, acá vivían muchos inmigrantes españoles. Es una de las avenidas con más ambientes de todo Buenos Aires. Tenés cafés, teatros, restaurants. Y todo con mucho acento, y sobre todo mucho sabor español. Horacio: Ah claro, por eso está aquí el símbolo español más universal: la estatua del Don Quijote. Yanin a: Al final de la Avenida de Mayo, está una de las plazas más importantes de Argentina: La Plaza de Mayo. Pero acá hay muchas más cosas. Tenés la sede del gobierno: l a Casa Rosada, que es como la Casa Blanca de Estados Unidos. Horacio: ¿Y aquí vive el pr esidente de Argentina? Yanina: No, solamente es su lugar de trabajo. Normalmente vive en Olivos, en las afueras de Buenos Aires. Y acá está la Catedral donde está enterrado José de San Martín, al que muchos llaman "el Padre de la Patria". La inmigración y otras influencias culturales Estoy en el lugar donde nació la Argentina moderna. No en ese barrio, sino ahí, en el Puerto de La Boca. ¿Puedes ver ese río? Por ahí, llegaban los barcos llenos de inmigrantes hasta atracar en este puerto. Desd e su independencia de España, Argentina se convirtió en uno de los países del mundo con mayor porcentaje de inmigración. En Buenos Aires, por ejemplo, hubo épocas en las que había más población inmigrante que población local. Hay un dicho

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    Club cultura popular argentino que dice que los argentinos no nacieron en Argentina, sino que llegaron en los barcos. Horacio: ¿De dónde vino su familia? Entrevistado: Bueno, vino de Guipúzcoa en el norte de España, en el límite con Francia. Horacio: ¿Pero tú naciste allí o en Argentina? Entrevistado: Por 19 días he nacido aquí en Argentina. Como hemos visto en la Avenida de Mayo, llegaron muchos inmigrantes desde España. Pero en Argentina, hay otra comunidad inmigrante de mucha importancia: la italiana. Horacio: ¿De dónde vi no su familia? Entrevistado: Italia. Horacio: ¿De Italia? Algunos dicen, que los argentinos son italianos que hablan castellano por su influencia en el vocabulario. Como "gamba" en vez de "pierna" o "birra" en vez de "cerveza". Además de los inmigrant es españoles e italianos también llegaron muchos europeos del este, sirios, libaneses, turcos, asiáticos... gente de todo el mundo. El baile y la música ¿Pero te estarás preguntando cuál es la música que más les gusta a los argentinos? Y es que hay tanta variedad. Por ejemplo... ¿El tango? Mucha gente identifica a Argentina con el tango. Pero en realidad, el tango es más característico de la capital: Buenos Aires. En el interior de Argentina, como por ejemplo en Salta o en Tucumán al norte, es much o más tradicional la música folclórica como la zamba, la chacarera o el malambo. Mira, aquí está la Peña de Mataderos. Voy a ver si me enseñan a bailar. Pero una de las músicas que tienen en común Buenos Aires y el resto de Argentina es el rock nacional argentino. Es más, yo ya estoy preparado para irme esta noche a un concierto. Te estarás preguntando ¿Por qué voy vestido de pijama a un concierto de rock? Y es que uno de los

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    Club cultura grupos de rock más famosos de Argentina, la Bersuit Vergarabat, actúa en sus co nciertos vestido de pijama. Y sus fans, ¡también! La argent inidaaad… ¡Al palo! La gastronomía argentina Al día siguiente de un concierto no hay nada mejor que un buen asado argentino. Es la comida argentina por excelencia. Horacio: Yanina, ¿qué tal? ¡Hola! ¿Todo bien? Yanina: Bien. ¿Qué tal el concierto? Horacio: Uff El asado significa reunión. La carne a la parrilla reúne a la familia y a los amigos. Casi todas las celebraciones, fiestas y conmemoraciones que se celebran en Argentina están acom pañadas de un buen asado. Pero no sólo puedes hacer un asado los fines de semana, sino entre semana también. Pero vas a necesitar mucho tiempo. ¡Que aproveche! Horacio: Bueno, vamos hacer un brindis por el asador, y por toda la familia y los amigos. Porque se repita esto aquí o en Pekín, donde sea. Todos: ¡Salud! Horacio: Después de un asado con la familia lo mejor es reunirse con amigos. Y es fácil reunir a los argentinos. ¿Cómo? Con un mate. El mate es una de las bebidas más populares de la cultura argentina. Es una costumbre social que significa unión y momento para compartir. Cuando tomas café con los amigos, cada uno tiene su taza. Pero si tomas mate, no. El mate se comparte entre todos y va p asando de mano en mano. Es cómo un té pero un poco más amargo. Cuando un g rupo te invita a compartir mate quiere decir que te invita a integrarte con ellos. Es el primer paso para una gran amistad. El mate es una buena excusa para conversar y para debatir . Ya es hora de cenar. La influencia ital iana en Argentina también se ve po r la gran cantidad de pizzerías. Dicen que hay más de 11.000 pizzerías solo en Buenos Aires. Una pizzería es tam bién un lugar donde mucha gente se junta para ver el fútbol, el de porte más popular. 9 de cada 10 argentinos son aficionados o cómo dicen aquí son "hinchas" de algún equipo. El fútbol es una pasión para muchos argentinos, especialmente cuando juega la selección nacional. Argentina ganó dos veces la Copa del Mundo. Y ha y tres argentinos entre los 5 jugadores de fútbol de la historia.

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    Club cultura En las pizzerías argentinas hay muchas más cosas para comer además de pizza. La más popular es sin duda la empanada. Las empanadas son pequeñas masas de hojaldre rellenas de pollo, de ternera, de jamón y queso, de maíz... y es una de las comidas más ricas de Argentina.

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    Clu b cultura 1 C lub cultura, Videoscript Bolivia Introducción Welcome to Bolivia! I just welcomed you in Aimara, in Guaraní and in Spanish. These are just three of the many official languages that are spoken here. Later, I'll tell you how many. You won’t believe it! Bolivia is an extraordinarily diverse country. Geographically, Bolivia is located in the heart of the South American continent, so it has no coast. An interesting fact is that here in Bolivia the different altitudes determine the wide array of climate and temperatures. There are places at 20,000 feet above sea level in the Andes, and others at 300 feet, like Los Llanos . And several in between, places like the high plateau, the Amazon region and El Chaco . This makes Bolivia one of the most bio - diverse count ries in the world. It has 15 different eco regions. Without a doubt, Bolivia is a country of extremes. I just landed at the airport El Alto , the highest international airport in the world. It is located near La Paz, at 3,550 meters above sea level. It's t he highest capital in the world. Due to its high altitude, the oxygen level is so low that many visitors feel lightheaded within the first days of arrival. Near La Paz is Lake Titicaca, the highest navigable lake in the world. If you don't like frog s, don't get too close to this shore because they say the largest in the world live here. On the south, there is the Salar de Uyuni , the largest salt desert in the world. It’s the world's largest reserve of lithium. Usually, when people think of Bolivia, they imagine a country with mountains. However, 60% of the Bolivian territory is in the Amazon region. Here you'll find the economic capital of the country: the tropical city of Santa Cruz de la Sierra , the largest in Bolivia. With 2.5 million inhabitants it provides 80% of the country's agriculture. Civilizaciones antiguas de Bolivia Remember I was going to give you more information about Bolivia's languages? There are 37 and since the 2009 constitution they're all official. This multitude of languages represents the diversity of cultures. Here, in Tiahuanaco , there used to be one of them:the tiahuanacota culture, the oldest in Bolivia. Or the Incas, who built this path. From all these cultures an extremely multiethnic and multicultural country was born. In fact, this country's official name is " Estado Plurinacional de Bolivia ".

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    Clu b cultura 2 In one household, there ca n be two different calendars: The linear calendar we all know, and the circular Inca calendar. I'm going to give you an interesting fact: In Aimara culture, the past is in front of them and the future is behind. Look, do you see that clock? It goes backwar ds because that’s how time passes according to the Andean world view. You may also see two religions together: Christianity and the one that worships the Andean goddess Pachamama. "Pachamama" means " Mother Earth " and is therefore related to the earth, fe rtility, motherhood and femininity. The Pachamama is very powerful; if you don't respect her, she can cause illness. La comida tradicional y la comida moderna en Bolivia Perhaps you did not understand the two views of time and space that exist in Bolivia. I'll explain them to you through food. Will you join me? First, I want you to see the most traditional part of La Paz. This is Mercado Rodríguez , which opens two days a week. Traffic is stopped and there are thousands of people buying and selling. This is very different from a supermarket. There are no fixed prices here. You have to haggle. That's why it's important to have a good relationship with the "caserita" . Look, she is the "caserita" , the person who will help me get the best price. And I am the "caser o " . It's important that you have a good relationship with her so she'll advise you on the best products she has to offer. Horacio: Hello caserita ... ...how much are the cucumbers? Caserita : I have cucumbers for 5 and also for 15... Or also 3 for 10. Horacio: Last offer? Maybe a bit cheaper? And I'll take 5. Look, this food is originally from Bolivia and Peru. In Bolivia and in all of Latin America this basic food is called " papa " . When the Spanish took it to Europe they called it "patata". The word " papa" comes from the Quechua language. Did you have any idea that the word "potato" comes from the Quechua language? In Bolivia, there are more than 200 var ieties of potato. And the "chuño" , an Andean way of preserving potatoes. Quinoa is another important food, a very nutritious grain that's popular all over the world, including in the US. At the market, we saw one of the most traditional aspects of Bolivian gastronomy.

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    Clu b cultura 3 However, there are modern and soph isticated places like the restaurant Gustu . "Gustu" , in Quechua means "taste". Gustu is more than just a restaurant: it's a gastronomical movement. And a social one. The movement's hope is that revitalizing B olivian gastronomy will contribute to other aspects such as the economy, education and health. Also, chefs and gastronomy students work exclusively with Bolivian products. This is a fish from the Amazon River: Surubí . Gustu wan ts to demonstrate the potential of Bolivian gastronomical culture and help position the country as a tourist destination for first - rate gastronomy. La medicina tradicional y la medicina moderna en Bolivia You've seen the coexistence of the traditional and the modern in gastronomy. You can also see it in medicine. For example, in this hospital, Hospital Materno Infantil , people have access to modern medicine and cutting edge technology. As is the case in mo st countries around the world, there's a public and a private system of healthcare. The Bolivian public healthcare system covers more than half of the Bolivian population and provides coverage for people in rural areas. The private system serves 10% of the population. But a big part of the population in Bolivia prefers what they call traditional medicine developed by indigenous cultures around the country. Traditional medicine sometimes uses rituals to restore individual and collective balance. The most so ught - after ingredient is desiccated llama fetus. This fetus is buried underneath a new construction as a gift to the Pachamama . And where can you find these? Here, in La Paz, in Mercado de las Brujas . Here, you will also find spiritual guides who have grea t knowledge of herbs and minerals to cure disease. I'd like to know about my health... Horacio: Will I be ok? Spiritual guide: What's your name? Horacio: My name is Horacio. The K allawayas read coca leaves and the back of the eyes in the same way that a radiologist interprets an X - ray. In this market you can also buy a very common product in Bolivia: The coca leaf. Despite the negative image the coca leaf has around the world, in the Andean territory the tradition of "pijchar" is respected. "Pijchar " means putting coca leaves in one’s mouth and chewing but without ever swallowing them. This old Incan custom is practiced to this day in all of the Andean territory.Why? Because it relives lightheadedness, fatigue and hunger. Also, all over Bolivia, we c an find coca leaves in the mate de coca . That is, an infusion with coca leaves that is served in every restaurant in the country. That's Bolivia, a country of contrasts that coexist in the same space and at the same time. Look at the view!

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    Club cultura 1 Club cultura, Videoscript Bolivia Introducción ¡Bienvenido a Bolivia! Te acabo de saludar en aimara, en guaraní y en español. Son solo tres de las muchas lenguas oficiales que se hablan aquí. Luego te voy a contar cuántas. ¡No te lo vas a creer! Bolivia es un país sumamente multicultural. Geográficamente, Bolivia está en el centro del continente sudamericano, y por lo tanto no tiene costa. Un factor muy interesante, es que aquí en Bolivia las diferentes altitudes determinan la gran diversidad de climas y temperaturas. Hay lugares a 20.000 pies de altura en la Cordillera de los Andes, y otros a 300 pies, como Los Llanos. Y muchos lugares intermedios como el altiplano, l a Amazonía, y El Chaco. Esto hace de Bolivia uno de los países con mayor biodiversidad del mundo. Tiene 15 ecoregiones diferentes. Sin duda, Bolivia es un país de extremos. Acabo de aterrizar en el aeropuerto El Alto, el aeropuerto internacional más alto del mundo. Está situado junto a La Paz, a 3.55 0 metros sobre el nivel del mar . Es la capital más alta del mundo. Debido a su altura, el nivel de oxígeno es tan bajo que muchos de los visitantes se sienten mareados los primeros días al llegar. Cerca de La Paz está el lago Titicaca, el lago navegable más alto del mundo. Si no te gustan los sapos, no te acerques mucho a esta orilla porque dicen que aquí viven los más grandes del mundo. Al sur del país, está el Salar de Uyuni, el mayor desierto de sal del mundo. La mayor reserva mundial de litio. Generalmente, cuando la gente pien sa en Bolivia, se imagina un país de montañas. Sin embargo, el 60% del territorio Boliviano está en la región amazónica. Y aquí, se encuentra la capital económica del país: la ciudad tropical de Santa Cruz de la Sierra, la más grande de Bolivia. Con 2 millones y medio de habitantes y que provee el 80% de la agricultura del país. Civilizaciones antiguas de Bolivia ¿Te acuerdas que te iba a dar más información acerca de las lenguas que se hablan en Bolivia? Pues son 37 y desde la Constitución del 2009 s on todas oficiales. Esta multiplicidad de lenguas representa la diversidad de culturas. Aquí, en Tiahuanaco, estaba una de ellas: la cultura tiahuanacota, la más antigua de Bolivia. O la cultura incaica, que construyó este camino. De todas esas culturas na ció un país multiétnico y pluricultural. De hecho, el nombre oficial de este país es el "Estado Plurinacional de Bolivia".

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