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Test Bank for Mosaics: Reading and Writing Paragraphs, 8th Edition

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    Test Bank for Mosaics: Reading and Writing Paragraphs Eighth Edition Kim Flachmann, California State University, Bakersfield

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    Dedicated to students — our motivation and inspiration to continue doing what we love to do despite budgets, politics, and the economy. We teach for you.

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    CONTENTS Preface ........................................................................................................................…… ........... vii Acknowledgments ................................ ................................ ................................ ....................... viii Instructor Resource Center ................................ ................................ ................................ .......... ix I: GETTING READY TO TEACH Part I: Statement of Purpose…….. ................................ ................................ ............. 2 Part II: Some Basic Commitments ................................ ................................ ............... 4 Your Role in Your Writing Class ................................ .............................. 4 Helping Students Join the Academic Community ................................ ..... 5 Your Students’ Learning Styles ................................ ................................ 5 Multiple Intelligences and Your Students…………………. .................. 1 0 Part III: More Practical Suggestions……………………………………… ................ 16 Frequently Asked Questions ................................ ................................ ... 16 Classroom Management ................................ ................................ .......... 20 The First Day of Class ................................ ................................ ............. 22 Service Learning ................................ ................................ ..................... 32 Teaching Revising and Editing……… ................................ ................... 33 Handling the Paper Load ................................ ................................ ......... 34 Part IV: Syllab uses ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... 39 Preliminaries ................................ ................................ ............................ 39 Course Requirements and Guidelines ................................ ..................... 4 0 Suggested Weekly Schedules ................................ ................................ .. 4 1 Part V: Mosaics and MyLab Writing ……………………… ................................ ..... 47 Why Use MyLab Writing to Complement Mosaics ? .............................. 47 Pedagogical Advantages of MyLab Writing ……………………………47 How MyLab Writing Is Integrated into Mosaics ................................ .... 48 Instructional Features of MyLab Writing ................................ ................ 49 Helpful Tips and Frequently Asked Questions ................................ ....... 5 0 Suggested Weekly MyLab Writing Schedules ................................ ........ 53 II: ADDITIONAL PRACTICES AND ASSIGNMENTS Part I: Reading and Writing for Success in College (Chaps 1 - 4) ............................. 56 Teaching Strategies ................................ ................................ ................. 56 Journal Entries ................................ ................................ ......................... 56 Quizzes ................................ ................................ ................................ .... 56 Part II: Essays: Par agraphs in Context ................................ ................................ ....... 58 Ch apter 5: How to Read an Essay ................................ ........................... 58 Teaching Strategies ................................ ................................ ........... 58 Journal Entries ................................ ................................ .................. 58 Quizzes ................................ ................................ ............................. 5 9

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    ii Chapt er 6: How to Write an Essay ................................ .......................... 6 2 Teaching Strategies ................................ ................................ ........... 6 2 Journal Entries ................................ ................................ .................. 6 3 Quizzes ................................ ................................ ............................. 6 3 Chapter 7: Writing Workshop ................................ ................................ . 6 6 Teaching Strategies ................................ ................................ ........... 6 6 Journal Entries ................................ ................................ .................. 6 6 Part II I : Reading and Writing Effective Paragraphs ................................ .................... 6 7 Chapter 8 : Describing ................................ ................................ .............. 6 7 Teaching Strategies ................................ ................................ ........... 67 Journal Entries ................................ ................................ .................. 6 7 Quizzes ................................ ................................ ............................. 6 7 Practicing Description ................................ ................................ ....... 7 0 Chapter 9 : Narrating ................................ ................................ ................ 7 7 Teaching Strategies ................................ ................................ ........... 7 7 Journal Entries ................................ ................................ .................. 7 7 Quizzes ................................ ................................ ............................. 7 7 Practicing Narration ................................ ................................ .......... 8 0 Chapter 10 : Illustrating ................................ ................................ ............ 8 5 Teaching Strategies ................................ ................................ ........... 8 5 Journal Entries ................................ ................................ .................. 8 5 Quizzes ................................ ................................ ............................. 8 5 Practicing Illustration ................................ ................................ ........ 89 Chapter 11 : Analyzing a Process ................................ ............................. 9 7 Teaching Strategies ................................ ................................ ........... 9 7 Journal Entries ................................ ................................ .................. 9 7 Quizzes ................................ ................................ ............................. 9 7 Practicing Process Analysis ................................ ............................ 1 0 0 Chapter 1 2 : Comparing and Contrasting ................................ ............... 1 0 7 Teaching Strategies ................................ ................................ ......... 10 7 Journal Entries ................................ ................................ ................ 1 0 7 Quizzes ................................ ................................ ........................... 1 0 7 Practicing Comparison/Contrast ................................ ..................... 1 1 0 Chapter 1 3 : Dividing and Classifying ................................ ................... 1 1 7 Teaching Strategies ................................ ................................ ......... 1 1 7 Journal Entries ................................ ................................ ................ 1 1 7 Quizzes ................................ ................................ ........................... 1 1 7 Practicing Division/Classification ................................ .................. 1 2 0 Chapter 1 4 : Defining ................................ ................................ ............. 1 2 7 Teaching Strategies ................................ ................................ ......... 1 2 7 Journal Entries ................................ ................................ ................ 1 2 7 Quizzes ................................ ................................ ........................... 1 2 7 Practicing Definition ................................ ................................ ....... 1 3 0 Chapter 1 5 : Analyzing Causes and Effects ................................ ........... 1 3 7 Teaching Strategies ................................ ................................ ......... 1 3 7 Journal Entries ................................ ................................ ................ 1 3 7 Quizzes ................................ ................................ ........................... 1 3 7 Practicing Cause/Effect ................................ ................................ ... 1 4 0 Chapter 1 6 : Arguing ................................ ................................ .............. 1 4 7 Teaching Strategies ................................ ................................ ......... 1 4 7

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    iii Journal Entries ................................ ................................ ................ 1 4 7 Quizzes ................................ ................................ ........................... 1 4 7 Practicing Argument ................................ ................................ ....... 1 5 1 Part IV: The Handbook ................................ ................................ ....................... 1 6 2 Unit 1: THE BASICS ................................ ................................ ............. 1 6 2 Chapter 1 7 : Parts of Speech ................................ ................................ .. 1 6 3 Teaching Parts of Speech ................................ ............................... 1 6 3 Practices ................................ ................................ .......................... 1 6 3 Chapter Review ................................ ................................ ............... 1 7 1 Quizzes ................................ ................................ ........................... 1 7 2 Chapter 1 8 : Phrases and Clauses ................................ ........................... 1 7 4 Teaching Phrases ................................ ................................ ............ 1 7 4 Practices ................................ ................................ .......................... 1 7 4 Teaching Clauses ................................ ................................ ............ 1 7 5 Practices ................................ ................................ .......................... 1 7 6 Chapter Review ................................ ................................ ............... 1 7 7 Quizzes ................................ ................................ ........................... 1 78 Unit 2: SENTENCES ................................ ................................ ............. 1 8 1 Chapter 19 : Subjects and Verbs ................................ ............................ 1 8 2 Practices ................................ ................................ .......................... 1 8 2 Chapter Review ................................ ................................ ............... 1 8 4 Quizzes ................................ ................................ ........................... 1 8 5 Chapter 2 0 : Fragments ................................ ................................ .......... 1 88 Teaching Fragments ................................ ................................ ........ 1 88 Practices ................................ ................................ .......................... 1 88 Chapter Review ................................ ................................ ............... 19 4 Quizzes ................................ ................................ ........................... 19 5 Chapter 2 1 : Fused Sentences and Comma Splices ................................ 198 Teaching Fused Sentences and Comma Splices ............................. 198 Practices ................................ ................................ .......................... 198 Chapter Review ................................ ................................ ............... 2 0 2 Quizzes ................................ ................................ ........................... 2 0 3 Unit 3: VERBS ................................ ................................ ....................... 2 0 6 Chapter 2 2 : Regular and Irregular Verbs ................................ .............. 2 0 7 Practices ................................ ................................ .......................... 2 0 7 Chapter Review ................................ ................................ ............... 2 1 0 Quizzes ................................ ................................ ........................... 2 1 1 Chapter 2 3 : Verb Tense ................................ ................................ ......... 2 1 4 Teaching Verb Tense ................................ ................................ ...... 2 1 4 Practices ................................ ................................ .......................... 2 1 4 Chapter Review ................................ ................................ ............... 2 2 3 Quizzes ................................ ................................ ........................... 2 2 4 Chapter 2 4 : Subject - Verb Agreement ................................ ................... 2 2 7 Teaching Subject - Verb Agreement ................................ ................. 2 2 7 Practices ................................ ................................ .......................... 2 2 7 Chapter Review ................................ ................................ ............... 2 3 3 Quizzes ................................ ................................ ........................... 2 3 3 Chapter 2 5 : More on Verbs ................................ ................................ ... 2 3 6 Teaching More on Verbs ................................ ................................ 2 3 6 Practices ................................ ................................ .......................... 2 3 6

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    iv Chapter Review ................................ ................................ ............... 2 38 Quizzes ................................ ................................ ........................... 2 39 Unit 4: PRONOUNS ................................ ................................ .............. 2 4 2 Chapter 2 6 : Pronoun Problems ................................ .............................. 2 4 3 Teaching Pronoun Problems ................................ ........................... 2 4 3 Practices ................................ ................................ .......................... 2 43 Chapter Review ................................ ................................ ............... 2 48 Quizzes ................................ ................................ ........................... 2 48 Chapter 2 7 : Pronoun Reference and Point of View .............................. 2 5 2 Practices ................................ ................................ .......................... 2 5 2 Chapter Review…. ................................ ................................ .......... 2 5 4 Quizzes ................................ ................................ ........................... 2 5 5 Chapter 2 8 : Pronoun Agreement ................................ ........................... 2 58 Teaching Pronoun Agreement ................................ ........................ 2 58 Practices ................................ ................................ .......................... 2 58 Chapter Review ................................ ................................ ............... 2 6 0 Quizzes ................................ ................................ ........................... 2 6 1 Unit 5: MODIFIERS ................................ ................................ ............. 2 6 4 Chapter 29 : Adjectives ................................ ................................ .......... 2 6 5 Teaching Adjectives ................................ ................................ ....... 2 6 5 Practices ................................ ................................ .......................... 2 6 5 Chapter Review ................................ ................................ ............... 2 69 Quizzes ................................ ................................ ........................... 2 7 0 Chapter 3 0 : Adverbs ................................ ................................ .............. 2 75 Teaching Adverbs ................................ ................................ ........... 2 75 Practices ................................ ................................ .......................... 2 75 Chapter Review ................................ ................................ ............... 2 79 Quizzes ................................ ................................ ........................... 2 79 Chapter 3 1 : Modifier Errors ................................ ................................ .. 2 8 2 Teaching Modifier Errors ................................ ............................... 2 8 2 Practices ................................ ................................ .......................... 2 8 2 Chapter Review ................................ ................................ ............... 2 8 4 Quizzes ................................ ................................ ........................... 2 8 5 Unit 6: PUNCTUATION ................................ ................................ ....... 2 88 Chapter 3 2 : End Punctuation ................................ ................................ . 2 89 Teaching End Punctuation ................................ .............................. 2 89 Practices ................................ ................................ .......................... 2 89 Chapter Review ................................ ................................ ............... 29 2 Quizzes ................................ ................................ ........................... 295 Chapter 3 3 : Commas ................................ ................................ ............. 29 6 Teaching Commas ................................ ................................ .......... 29 6 Practices ................................ ................................ .......................... 29 6 Chapter Review ................................ ................................ ............... 30 2 Quizzes ................................ ................................ ........................... 30 3 Chapter 3 4 : Apostrophes ................................ ................................ ....... 30 6 Teaching Apostrophes ................................ ................................ .... 3 0 6 Practices ................................ ................................ .......................... 3 0 6 Chapter Review ................................ ................................ ............... 3 09 Quizzes ................................ ................................ ........................... 3 1 0 Chapter 3 5 : Quotation Marks ................................ ................................ 3 1 3 Teaching Quotation Marks ................................ ............................. 3 1 3

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    v Practices ................................ ................................ .......................... 3 1 3 Chapter Review ................................ ................................ ............... 3 1 6 Quizzes ................................ ................................ ........................... 3 1 7 Chapter 3 6 : Other Punctuation Marks ................................ ................... 3 2 0 Teaching Other Punctuation Marks ................................ ................ 3 2 0 Practices ................................ ................................ .......................... 3 2 0 Chapter Review ................................ ................................ ............... 3 2 3 Quizzes ................................ ................................ ........................... 3 2 4 Unit 7: MECHANICS ................................ ................................ ............ 3 2 7 Chapter 3 7 : Capitalization ................................ ................................ ..... 3 28 Teaching Capitalization ................................ ................................ .. 3 28 Practices ................................ ................................ .......................... 3 28 Chapter Review ................................ ................................ ............... 3 29 Quizzes ................................ ................................ ........................... 3 32 Chapter 3 8 : Abbreviations and Numbers ................................ .............. 3 3 3 Teaching Abbreviations and Numbers ................................ ............ 3 3 3 Practices ................................ ................................ .......................... 3 3 3 Chapter Review ................................ ................................ ............... 3 3 5 Quizzes ................................ ................................ ........................... 3 3 6 Unit 8: EFFECTIVE SENTENCES ................................ ....................... 3 39 Chapter 39 : Varying Sentence Structure ................................ ............... 3 4 0 Teaching Varying Sentence Structure ................................ ............ 3 4 0 Practices ................................ ................................ .......................... 3 4 0 Chapter Review ................................ ................................ ............... 3 4 4 Quizzes ................................ ................................ ........................... 3 4 5 Chapter 4 0 : Parallelism ................................ ................................ ......... 3 48 Practices ................................ ................................ .......................... 3 48 Chapter Review ................................ ................................ ............... 3 49 Quizzes ................................ ................................ ........................... 3 5 0 Chapter 4 1 : Combining Sentences ................................ ........................ 3 5 3 Practices ................................ ................................ .......................... 3 5 3 Chapter Review ................................ ................................ ............... 3 5 7 Quizzes ................................ ................................ ........................... 3 58 Unit 9: CHOOSING THE RIGHT WORD ................................ ............ 3 6 1 Chapter 4 2 : Standard and Nonstandard English ................................ .... 3 6 2 Practices ................................ ................................ .......................... 3 6 2 Chapter Review ................................ ................................ ............... 3 6 4 Quizzes ................................ ................................ ........................... 3 6 5 Chapter 4 3 : Easily Co nfused Words ................................ ..................... 3 68 Practices ................................ ................................ .......................... 3 68 Chapter Review ................................ ................................ ............... 3 7 0 Quizzes ................................ ................................ ........................... 3 7 1 Chapter 4 4 : Spelling ................................ ................................ .............. 3 7 4 Teaching Spelling ................................ ................................ ........... 3 7 4 Practices ................................ ................................ .......................... 3 78 Chapter Review ................................ ................................ ............... 38 2 Quizzes ................................ ................................ ........................... 38 2 UNIT QUIZZES ................................ ................................ ..................... 38 6

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    vi III: REFERENCE MATERIAL Part I: Readability Levels for Professional Essays ................................ ................. 45 1 Part II: Grading Guides ................................ ................................ ............................ 4 5 3 Part III: Answers to Practices and Quizzes ................................ ............................... 4 6 4 Section II: Part I ................................ ................................ .................... 4 6 4 Section II: Part II ................................ ................................ ................... 4 6 5 Section II: Part III ................................ ................................ .................. 46 7 Section II: Part IV: The Handbook ................................ ........................ 49 2 Unit Quizzes ................................ ................................ .......................... 5 6 0 Part IV: Selected Reading ................................ ................................ .......................... 58 7

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    vii PREFACE This resource manual is intended to help you live a better life. By that we mean it will help you prepare for and teach your classes so that you will not only use your class time as effectively as possible but will also actua lly have a life beyond the classroom that is not entirely consumed by course planning and paper grading. To help you achieve this goal, our manual is divided into three sections: I: Getting Ready to Teach, which includes specific time - saving information fo r preparing your classes; II: Additional Practices and Assignments, which is filled with teaching ideas and more exercises for each section of the student book; and III: Reference Material, which provides some additional useful resources for your teaching. Here is a more specific outline of each section: I: Getting Ready to Teach contains five parts that will help you prepare for your writing classes: Part I is a statement of purpose for the Mosaics series. Part II gives you some guidelines for defining your role in relation to your students. Part III offers answers to frequently asked questions, ideas for classroom management, and methods for handling the paper load in a typical writing class. Part IV suggests several specific ways of organizing the material in Mosaics to achieve your various course goals. Part V explains the useful supplementary material. II: Additional Practices and Assignments provides suggested teaching strategies, journal assignments, and more practice for each segment of the text. III: Reference Material contains resources that you can include in teaching your writing course(s), such as readability levels for the professional essays, grading guidelines for marking essays, answers to the additional exercises in this resource ma nual, and suggestions for additional reading. Our intention in this Instructor’s Resource Manual is to give you concrete guidelines for using your time with your students as efficiently as possible. In its own way, this manual will help you achieve your co urse objectives and make your teaching life effective and profitable. With the time - saving strategies we offer here, we believe you will not only enjoy your classes more but also increase the time you have for yourself and your personal life.

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    viii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS We are deeply indebted to our students, who have taught us a great deal about writing and about the teaching of writing. They continually help us assess and reassess what we do in the classroom and why we do it. Our special thanks go to Tiffany Wong, Brooke Hughes, Randi Brummett - DeLeon, Valerie Turner, Cheryl Smith, Li’i Pearl, Monique Idoux, Matt Woodman, Victoria Bockman, Thomas Board, and Misty Kuykendall for helping us create a manual that will be useful to f aculty members from different parts of the country with divergent instructional needs. We are also grateful to Pearson Higher Education for the guidance and inspiration for this project that they provided through the enduring wisdom of Matt Wright, Craig Campanella, and Maggie Barbieri, previous editors of developmental English at Pearson and Prentice Hall; the thoughtful leadership of Chris Hoag, vice president and executive portfolio manager of developmental English, Karon Bowers, director and coursewar e portfolio manager, and Matt Summers, portfolio manager; and the special inspiration of Mike Coons and Erin Rush, marketing manage rs . We also greatly appreciate the wisdom provided by Ohlinger Studios through the creative guidance of Noelle Bauman, Supple ments Project Manager. We also want to thank the following individuals and publishers for giving us permission to print material that has appeared previously in other sources: “Multiple Intelligences and Your Students,” adapted from Carol Carter, Joyce Bishop, and Sarah Lyman Kravits ( Keys to Success , Prentice Hall, 2001) and based on Howard Gardner’s Frames of Mind: The Theory of Multiple Intelligences , 1983, and David Lazear’s Seven Pathways of Learning , 1994. Kathleen Hudson, “Basic Interview Format, ” from a workshop by Kathleen Hudson, Schrei n er C ollege, Kerrville , Texas . National Institute of Education, “Students’ Perceptions of Themselves as Writers,” Research in the Effective Teaching of Writing, Final Report , NIE - G - 91 - 0011, July 1986. James Pec k, “Learning Style Preference Form.” Reprinted with permission of James Peck, LD Specialist, West Valley College, Saratoga, CA. Kim Flachmann Cody Ganger

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    ix Instructor Resource Center DOWNLOADING RESOURCE S 1. Go to https://www.pearson.com/us/higher - education.html , and create an account using your campus email address . 2. After logging in to the site, use the search bar at the top right corner of the page , and type in “Mosaics Paragraphs.” 3. After being directed to the catalog page for your text, click the “ Instructor Resources” link located under the “ If You’re an Educator ” tab. 4. Click on the Download link under the resource you want to download.

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    1 I: Getting Ready to Teach

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    2 P A R T I Statement of Purpose Teaching people how to write good essays is like helping them piece together various visual images into a beautiful, vivid, coherent mosaic artwork. It is an arduous but satisfying process that, for some of us, is our entire life’s work. We wake up and go to bed thinking of ways to do our jobs better, reach our students more consistently, and be more efficient in the process. What we have chosen to do for a liv ing is compelling, frustrating, exciting, and exasperating — occasionally all at the same time. What we need is a way to do what has to be done in a more effective manner. That is what we believe we have developed in this series of books: a new, refreshing w ay to carry out th e goals that we all believe in; a way to put the mosaic together that works for all of our students, while allowing for individual differences in their writing processes. T H E M O S A I C S S E R I E S The Mosaics series consists of three books, each with a different emphasis: Reading and Writing Sentences, Reading and Writing Paragraphs, and Reading and Writing Essays. The first book highlights sentence structure, the second book paragraph development, and the third the composition of essays. Each bo ok introduces the writing process as a unified whole and asks students to begin writing in the very first chapter. Each volume also moves from personal to more academic writing. The books differ in the length and level of their reading selections, the comp lexity of their writing assignments, the length and level of their student writing samples, and the level of the handbook instruction. Mosaics: Reading and Writing Paragraphs is the second in this series of three books that teaches the basic skills so nece ssary to all good academic writing. By focusing on eight primary purposes for writing in each boo k, this series illustrates how the companion skills of reading and writing are parts of a larger process that moves back and forth through the tasks of preread ing/reading, prewriting/writing, and revising/editing. In other words, the Mosaics series shows how these tasks are integrated at every stage of the writing process. O U R C O M M O N G O A L S Our main goal behind this project is to help students respond to the var ying intellectual demands placed on them throughout the college curriculum so that ultimately they have an excellent chance of succeeding in higher education. As a result, this series of three books teaches the processes and skills common to all good acade mic writing. Achieving this goal is based on the following assumptions about the teaching of writing: • Students must think critically and analytically to succeed in college. • Students build confidence in their ability to read and write by reading and writing . • Students learn best from discovery and experimentation rather than from instruction and abstract discussions .

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