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Understanding Key Financial Concepts: Assets, Estimates, Internal Controls, and Intangible Assets - Document preview page 1

Understanding Key Financial Concepts: Assets, Estimates, Internal Controls, and Intangible Assets - Page 1

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Understanding Key Financial Concepts: Assets, Estimates, Internal Controls, and Intangible Assets

Explains key financial concepts.

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Understanding Key Financial Concepts: Assets, Estimates, Internal Controls, and Intangible Assets - Page 1 preview imageUnderstanding Key Financial Concepts: Assets, Estimates, Internal Controls, andIntangible AssetsDQ 11.What is a current asset? What is a non-current asset? What is the difference between the twotypes of assets? In which financial statement would youfind these assets?What is a current asset?“Current assetsare assets that a company expects to convert to cash or use up within one year”(Kimmel, Weygandt, & Kieso,2007,p.49). Supplies or accounts receivable are current assets sincesupplies are expected to be used within one year, and accounts receivable are expected to be collectedwithin one year.According to the text, common types of current assets are:1.Cash2.Short-term investments3.Receivables4.Inventories5.PrepaidexpensesWhat is a non-current asset?The opposite of a current asset, a non-current asset is an asset that is not easily converted to cash ornot expected to become cash within one year.What is the difference between the two types of assets?As the definition of each indicates, current assets are assets thatareexpected to be used or convertedto cash within one year, whereas, noncurrent assets arenotexpected to be used or converted to cashwithin one year.
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Understanding Key Financial Concepts: Assets, Estimates, Internal Controls, and Intangible Assets - Page 3 preview imageIn which financial statement would you find theseassets?The current and noncurrent assets are found within the Balance Sheet and are usually listed in the orderin which they are expected to convert to cash (or, order of liquidity).ReferenceKimmel, P., Weygandt, J., & Kieso, D. (2007).Financial Accounting: Tools for Business Decision Making(4th ed.). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.DQ2What is an example of a significant accounting estimate? What is the importance of theseestimates? How do ethics play into the decision-making process? Which financial statementsinclude significant accounting estimates? Why?What is an example of a significant accounting estimate?An example of a significant accounting estimate is estimated uncollectibles; referred to as the allowancemethod of accounting. This method “…involves estimating uncollectibleaccounts at the end of eachperiod”(Kimmel, Weygandt, & Kieso,2007,p.375).What is the importance of these estimates?The estimated uncollectibles, or allowance method provides better matching of expenses withrevenues. In addition, it ensures that receivables are stated at cash realizable value, excluding amountsthat the company has estimated uncollectible; therefore reducing receivables on thebalance sheet.According to Kimmel et al. (2006), when bad debts are material, companies must use the allowancemethod for financial reporting purposes. The three essential features are:1.Companiesestimateuncollectible accounts receivable andmatch them against revenuesin thesame accounting period in which the revenues arerecorded.2.Companies record estimated uncollectibles as an increase (a debit) to Bad Debts Expense and anincrease (a credit) to Allowance for Doubtful Accounts (a contra asset account) through anadjusting entry at the end of each period.
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