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"Who were los campesinos? A. the federal army of Mexico B. the rich ruling class of early 20th Century Mexico C. the Mexican peasants"
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Step 1:
I'll solve this problem step by step:

Step 2:
: Understand the Term "Campesinos"

The term "campesinos" is a Spanish word that directly translates to "peasants" in English. In the context of Mexican history, campesinos specifically refers to rural agricultural workers or farmers, typically from poor or working-class backgrounds.

Step 3:
: Analyze the Historical Context

In early 20th Century Mexico, campesinos were a significant social group, particularly during the Mexican Revolution (1910 - 1920). They were typically landless or owned very small plots of land, working as laborers on large estates owned by wealthy landowners.

Step 4:
: Eliminate Incorrect Options

A. The federal army of Mexico - This is incorrect. The federal army was a military organization, not a social group. B. The rich ruling class - This is the opposite of campesinos. They were actually the oppressors of the peasants.

Step 5:
: Confirm the Correct Answer

C. The Mexican peasants - This is the correct definition of los campesinos.

Final Answer

The Mexican peasants Key Historical Context: - Campesinos played a crucial role in the Mexican Revolution - They were typically poor agricultural workers seeking land reform - Led by figures like Emiliano Zapata, who fought for "Tierra y Libertad" (Land and Liberty)