Answer
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Step 1:: To determine if the given graphs represent $y$ as a function of $x$, we need to check if each graph passes the vertical line test.
If any vertical line intersects the graph at more than one point, it does not represent a function.
Step 2:: Analyzing graph (a), we can see that there are several instances where a vertical line would intersect the graph at more than one point.
Therefore, this graph does not represent $y$ as a function of $x$.
Step 3:: Examining graph (b), we see that no vertical line intersects the graph at more than one point.
Thus, this graph represents $y$ as a function of $x$.
Step 4:: In graph (c), there are instances where a vertical line would intersect the graph at more than one point.
Hence, this graph does not represent $y$ as a function of $x$.
Step 5:: Lastly, analyzing graph (d), we find that no vertical line intersects the graph at more than one point.
Consequently, this graph represents $y$ as a function of $x$.
Final Answer
The graphs that represent $y$ as a function of $x$ are (b) and (d).
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