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# PAIR OF LINEAR EQUATIONS IN TWO VARIABLES ## WISE UP Simultaneous Linear Equations in Two variables : A pair of linear equations in two variables is to form a system of simultaneous linear equations. Examples: i) $2 x-3 y=1$ ii) $x+y=5$ $$ x+\frac{1}{2} y=3 \quad x-y=1 $$ Note : The general form of a pair of linear equations in two variables $x$ and $y$ is $$ \begin{aligned} & a_{1} x+b_{1} y+c_{1}=0 \text { and } \\ & a_{2} x+b_{2} y+c_{2}=0, \text { where } a_{1}, b_{1}, c_{1}, a_{2}, b_{2}, c_{2} \text { are real numbers and } a_{1}^{2}+b_{1}^{2} \neq 0 \text { and } a_{2}^{2}+b_{2}^{2} \neq 1 \end{aligned} $$ Solution : A pair of values of the variables $x$ and $y$ satisfying each one of the equations in a give system of two simultaneous linear equations in $x$ and $y$ is called a solution. Example: For the pair of linear equations $$ \begin{aligned} & 3 x-2 y=4 \text { and } 2 x+y=5 \\ & x=2, y=1 \text { is a solution. } \end{aligned} $$ ## GRAPH OF SIMULTANEOUS LINEAR EQUATIONS We have studied in our previous class that the graph of a linear equation is a straight line. So, th graph of a system of simultaneous linear equations is a pair of straight lines. Thus, the graph of a system of simultaneous linear equations represents either a pair of intersecting lines or a pair of parallel lines or a pair of coincident lines ## Graphical method : Consistent system : A system of simultaneous linear equations is said to be consistent if it has atlea one solution. Note : i) If the system has only one solution then it is called independent. ii) If the system has infinitely many solutions then it is called dependent. - Inconsistent system : A system of simultaneous linear equations is said to be inconsistent if it has solution.

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# X Class - CBSE Nature of system of linear equations : Let $a_{1} x+b_{1} y+c_{1}=0$ and $a_{2} x+b_{2} y+c_{2}=0$ is a system of | S.No. | Compare <br> ratios | Alachvale <br> Interpretation | Graphical <br> Representation | Nature of the <br> System | | :-- | :-- | :-- | :-- | :-- | | 1. | $\frac{a_{1}}{a_{2}} \neq \frac{b_{1}}{b_{2}}$ | Exactly one <br> solution (unique) | Intersecting lines | Consistent | | 2. | $\frac{a_{1}}{a_{2}}=\frac{b_{1}}{b_{2}}=\frac{c_{2}}{c_{2}}$ | Infinitely many <br> solutions | Coincident lines | Consistent and dependent | | 3. | $\frac{a_{1}}{a_{2}}=\frac{b_{1}}{b_{2}} \neq \frac{c_{2}}{c_{2}}$ | No solution | Parallel lines | Inconsistent | Note: The solution of a consistent system of linear equations is the coordinates of intersecting point of the two lines represented by them. ## EXERCISE 3.1 1. On comparing the ratios, $\frac{a_{1}}{a_{2}}, \frac{b_{1}}{b_{2}}$ and $\frac{c_{1}}{c_{2}}$, find out whether the lines representing the given pairs of linear equations intersect a point, are parallel or coincident. Sol. i) $5 x-4 y+8=0$ $7 x+6 y-9=0$ Comparing the given equations with standard forms of equations $a_{1} x+b_{1} y+c_{1}=0$ and $a_{2} x+b_{2} y+c_{2}=0$ we have $$ a_{1}=5, b_{1}=-4, c_{1}=8 ; a_{2}=7, b_{2}=6, c_{2}=-9 $$ Now $\frac{a_{1}}{a_{2}}=\frac{5}{7}, \frac{b_{1}}{b_{2}}=\frac{-4}{6}$ $$ \frac{a_{1}}{a_{2}} \neq \frac{b_{1}}{b_{2}} $$ Thus the lines representing the pair of linear equation are intersecting. ii) $9 x+3 y+12=0,18 x+6 y+24=0$ We have $a_{1}=9, b_{1}=3, c_{1}=12 ; a_{2}=18, b_{2}=6, c_{2}=24$ Now $\frac{a_{1}}{a_{2}}=\frac{9}{18}=\frac{1}{2}, \frac{b_{1}}{b_{2}}=\frac{3}{6}=\frac{1}{2}$ and $\frac{c_{1}}{c_{2}}=\frac{12}{24}=\frac{1}{2}$

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12 months ago
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