NACE Physics Practice Exam With Answers (337 Solved Questions)

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NACE CIP Level 1& 2 Study Guide With Satisfied SolutionsWhat are the most important characteristics of a good report? - Objective, Accurate, andDetailed.What is the inspector's primary responsibility and what should the inspector not do as itpertains to the specification. - The Inspector's primary responsibility as the inspector is to"enforce" specification. The inspector is NOT to make changes to the specification for anyreason.What type of information could you expect to find on a Product Data Sheet? - Surfacepreparation and application information such as recommended level of surface cleanliness,recommended application methods and equipment such as tip sizes. Also, environmentalparameters for application such as max and min temperatures, curing times, recoatwindows.What type of information could you expect to find on a Safety Data Sheet? - Health, safetyand environmental. The PPE required. Physical characteristics. Emergency responderinformation.Define Corrosion - The deterioration of a substance, usually a metal from a reaction with itsenvironmentWhat is passivation? - A layer of oxides formed on the surface of a metal that providescorrosion protection.What is an example of passivation? - Stainless SteelWhat are the elements of a corrosion cell? - Anode, Cathode, Metallic Pathway, ElectrolyteDescribe what happens at the anode. - The metal dissolves into the electrolyte

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What is the function of the electrolyte? - Allows the passage of ions to connect the corrosioncellWhat is the function of the metallic pathway? - Allows the flow of electrons to connect thecorrosion cellWhat is the galvanic series? - A listing of metals in order of reactivity (more or less noble)in seawater at 25 CThe general rules of galvanic corrosion are: - The less noble (or more reactive) metal whenconnected to a more noble (or less reactive metal) will corrode preferentiallyName the five most important factors that affect the rate of corrosion. - Humidity, oxygen,chemical salts, pollutants, temperatureGeneral corrosion is: - Results in a relatively uniform loss of material over the entiresurface, Results in a general thinning of the affected surface, Relatively easy to inspect,Does not casue catastrophic failuresLocalized corrosion is: - Typically pitting and crevice corrosion. It is typically of the mostconcern as damage is concentrated and loss of integrity or structural failure can result.List some of the common tools/methods used for corrosion control. - Design, Inhibitors,Material Selection, Cathodic Protection, Protective Coatings, Splash Zone Systems,Alteration of the EnvironmentHow does NACE define the inspector's role? - The inspector's role is that of a quality controltechnician responsible for observing and reporting conformance or deviation from theproject specification.What is the inspector's responsibility when it comes to safety on the project? - Safetyenforcement is not the responsibility of the inspector; however, it is his/her responsibilityto report any issues that may affect the project.

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Name some tests that may need to be conducted during surface preparation and coatingoperations. - Temperature, Relative Humidity, Dew Point, Anchor Profile, Surface CleanlinessName some of the documentation/reports that may be required to be maintained on acoatings project. - Daily/weekly summary, material usage reports, manpower andequipment, non conformance, and conformanceExplain the difference between Quality Assurance (QA) and Quality Control (QC). - QualityAssurance - Any systematic process of checking to see whether a product or service beingdeveloped is meeting specs.Quality Control - A procedure or set of procedures intended to ensure that a manufacturedproduct or performed service adheres to a defined set of quality criteria or meets therequirements of the client or customerIdentify some of the defects that can be caused by incorrect application temperatures. -Failure to cure, too rapid solvent evaporation, poor film formationDescribe relative humidity. - The amount of moisture in the air compared to saturation levelWhat is the dew point temperature? - The temperature at which moisture will begin to formon a steel surface.Name some of the effects wind may have on a coatings project. - blowing abrasives, causingexcessive drift or overspray, accelerating solvent evaporation, contributing to the formationof dry sprayWhat are some of the common errors when using an electronic hygrometer? - Failure toacclimate the instrument to the environment with adequate time.Explain the process for use of the sling psychrometer. - Make sure the wick is wet and clean,continue to "sling" until 3 consecutive readings are achieved

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List three desirable properties of a coating? - Chemical Resistance, water resistance, easeof application, cohesive strength, impact resistance, dielectric strengthTwo broad classifications of a coating are: - Organic/Inorganic, Convertible/non-convertible, thermosetting/thermoplasticWhat are the two primary components of a liquid applied coating? - Pigment, Vehicle (Resinor Binder)What are the three methods by which a coating provides corrosion control? - barrier,inhibitive, sacrificialWhat are the three different ways a coating can adhere to the surface? - Chemical,Mechanical, Polar, or combo of all threeThe two broad classifications for curing mechanisms are: - Convertible and Non-ConvertibleList two Non-convertible coating types: - Chlorinated rubber, vinylList three convertible coating curing mechanisms - oxidation, co-reaction (polmerization),hydration, fusionList two characteristics of oxidation cure coatings - Not suitable for immersion service, notsuitable for use over alkaline substrates, limited dry film thickness per coatList three coating types that cure by polymerization - epoxies, polyurethanes, polyureas,polyaspartics, polysiloxaniesInduction time is: - the time required by the product data sheet (coatings manufacturer)between mixing the coating and the start of applicationWhat is the main requirement for a hydrolysis coating cure? - MoistureIndustrial and marine coatings are commonly referred to by - generic resin type

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Oil based coatings applied over alkaline surfaces may result in - saponificationList five of the formal sections usually contained in a good specification - scope of work,terms and definitions, pre-job conference, application, sampling coatings, inspectionWhat are two of the inspector's responsibilities as it relates to the specification? - Enforcethe specification, NOT to make changes to the specificationDuring the surface preparation, surface cleanliness should be inspected (as a minimum) thefollowing three times: - Before any surface preparation activities, after surface preparation- before coating begins, between each application of coating in a multi-coat systemFactors during surface preparation that may effect service life include: - residues of oil,grease, and soil. rust on the surface. loose or broken mill scale. rust scale. anchor pattern.surface condensation.Common design defects include: - Hard to reach or inaccessible areas. rivets, bolts, or otherconnectors. welds. gaps. overlapping surfaces. threaded areas. dissimilar metals.construction aidsCommon fabrication defects include: - weld spatter, skip welds, sharp corners & EdgesFour typical SSPC SP1 pre-cleaning methods include: - Solvent wipe with cloth or rag,immersion of the substrate in solvent, solvent spray, vapor degreasing, emulsion cleaining,chemical paint stripping, use of alkaline cleanersOne standare for use with Power Tool Cleaning is: - ISO St2. ISO St3. SSPC SP-3. SSPC SP-11Four examples of tools used for Power Tool Cleaning are: - rotary wire brushes, impacttools, needle scaler, disc sanders, piston scalersTwo Abrasive Blasting methods include: - Centrifugal blasting, sand-injected water blast,slurry blast, wet abrasive blast, dry grit blasting

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Visual Standards for abrasive blasting include - SSPC-Vis 1, ISO 8501-1SSPC SP 10/NACE 2 limits staining to ___ per each unit area - 5%SSPC SP 5/NACE 1 limits staining to ___ per each unit area - 0%SSPC SP 6/NACE 3 limits staining to ___ per each unit area - 33%The two types of abrasive blasting nozzles include: - Straight, VenturiThe specified level of surface cleanliness must be achieved and maintained - immediatelyprior to coatings applicationAdvantages of centrifugal blast equipment include: - Dust and fines are contained, abrasivesare easily recycled, blasting and priming can be an inline operation, general overall economycompared to air blasting, no compressors, piping, or air handling equipment needed forwheel blastingThe Inspector's checklist for surface preparation should include: - ambient conditions,conditions of substrate, pre-blast surface cleanliness, shot/grit size selection, shot/gritcleanliness, abrasive blasting equipment, surface profile, surface cleanliness after abrasiveblasting, operator qualifications, safetyAbrasive media types include: - shot & grit (metallic), crushed slag, ceramic grit, silica sand,garnet, agricultural abrasives, specialty abrasivesAbrasive media typically used for recycling include: - steel shot, steel gritList the pressure ranges that categorize - low pressure water cleaning: <34 MPa (5,000psi), high-pressure water cleaning: 34 to 70 MPa (5,000 to 10,000 psi), High-Pressure waterjetting: 70 to 210 MPa (10,000 to 30,000 psi), Ultrahigh=Pressure water jetting: >210 MPa(30,000 psi)

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Three types of Water-Blasting include: - Comparator and coupons, replica tape, digitalsurface profile gaugeTypes of soluble salt contamination include: - chlorides, sulfates, nitratesIf inspection is to be effective with regards to soluble salts, the specification should veryclearly state: - limits to be accepted, specific salts to be limited, test method to be used,frequency of testing, locations in which tests should be administeredTest for soluble salts include: - bresle patch, sleeve test, soluble salt meters, conductivitymetersDepth of surface profile can be evaluated by several methods: - ISO Comparator, replicatape, digital profile gaugeThe ISO Comparator grades may be recorded: - Finer-than-fine grade, fine grade, mediumgrade, coarse grade, coarser than coarse gradeThe two types of replica tape are commonly used: - Coarse - for 20 to 64um (0.8 to 2.5mils), X Coarse - for 38 to 115 um (1.5 to 4.5 mils)List the standards for using the Replica tape: - ASTM D 4417 Method C, NACE SP 0287-2202When using Replica tape common errors include: - variation in point-to-point profile over thesurface being tested, the presence of particles of dirt on either the replica tape or gauge,gauge accuracy, the rubbing or burnishing techniqueGoals of a pre job conference include: - discuss health, safety and environment (HES)Requirements, address / clarify emergency procedures, review and discuss scope of work(SOW), review logistical support, discuss line communications between parties, reviewknown critical hazards, establish list of critical point of contacts (POCS), discuss and clarifyinspector (s) responsibilities and authority, clarify the chain of command (reportingsystem), discuss and clarify areas of concern in the project specification, agree on critical

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hold points for inspections, conflict resolution between the inspector and applicator, changeordersPeople may be required to attend a pre-job conference include: - owner, owner contractmanager, engineer, specifying engineer, operations personnel, specifier, purchasing agents,coatings manufacturer, coatings inspector, project safety personnel, coatings applicatorBefore the start of the Pre Job Conference the inspector should obtain a copy of, read, andunderstand the: - specification, any standard / procedure referenced in the projectspecifications, manufacturer's product data sheets, safety requirements of the MSDSDocumentation may include: - Detailed written daily reports, inspection logs, routine reports,reports for weekly progress meetings, daily entries in a project log book, a daily inspectionreport using standardized forms, routine reports, monthly or quarterly reportsInspection records show: - environmental conditions, pretreatment details, cleaning details,materials details, coating applications details, results of work and all testsGood records allow management to: - detect and tag design defects for future work,evaluate coating performance, determine annual cost data on each coating system, developongoing maintenance programProject inspection documentation provides: - inspection (QC) records, managementinformation, verification of work by the contractor, details of non-conforming workOne guide for enclosures for coatings projects is: - SSPC Technology Guide No. 12, SSPCTechnology Update No. 6 Guide for Containing Surface Preparation Debris Generated DuringPaint Removal OperationsLow Temperature concerns during coatings application include: - Slow the curing ofchemically curing coatings, will increase the viscosity of material, some coatings may usespecial cure

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High temperatures concerns during coatings application include: - Can cause the solvent toevaporate too fast, will reduce the pot life, decrease the viscosity of many two-componentmaterialsHigh humidity during coating application: - Slows the evaporation of the solvent, can leavemoisture on the surface of the coating, may effect the gloss or color, may cause amineblush (must be removed prior to top coating)Coatings may be applied by the following methods: - Roller, brush, airless spray (includingplural component), conventional spray, high volume low pressure (HVLP), air assisted airlessCoatings Product Data Sheets (Paint Specs) provide users with the following: - surfacepreparation, storage, mixing and thinning, application procedure, DFT requirementsSDS contains the following: - Provides workers and emergency personnel with criticalinformation on composition, handling or working with the substance. Includes informationsuch as melting point, boiling point, flash point, toxicity, health effects, first aid, reactivity,storage, disposal, protective equipment, and spill handling procedures. Provides inforegarding the safety issues associated with any hazardous (or potentially hazardous)material. Provides instructions for the correct action to take in the event of a spill,explosion, fire or hazardous exposure.Failure of coatings to cure may be caused by: - not adding curing agent, wrong curing agentor incorrect amount of it. problem with material from the manufacturer. environmentalissues (too cold, hot, or humid). wrong or contaminated thinner (solvent)Some of the problems that can be caused by amine blush are: - surface tackiness orgreasiness, incomplete curing, poor adhesion, coating discoloration, poor gloss retentionRuns, Sags, and wrinkles may be caused by: - applying the coating too thick, too much or thewrong thinner used, surface too hot to apply the coating, application of coating at the end ofits pot life, wrong thixotrope used in manufacturing

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____ is a powdery, friable layer on the surface of a coating that is most common with epoxycoatings. - ChalkingCratering may be caused by: - air trapped in the coating and forming a bubble which thenbursts, air trapped in the coating during mixing if the proper procedures are not followedVacules or voids are typically caused by: - running the mixer too fastPinholes are: - Very small holes in a coating typically caused by air or solvent trapped inporous film and escaping.A common cause of blistering is: - Surface Contamination under the applied coatingCracking of coating is noted: - When the crack extends to the substrateChecking can be described as: - fine cracks in the surface of a coating that don't extendthrough to the substrateAdhesion failures may be caused by: - contamination on the surface, wrong surfacepreparation specified, failure to inspect surface preparation, insufficient surface profile,exceeding the topcoat window, application of incompatible coatingsGeneral types of holiday detectors include: - Low-voltage DC, High-voltage DC, High-voltageACLow-voltage (wet sponge) holiday detectors are powered by batteries with output voltagesranging from ______. - 5 to 120 V DCDescribe Low-voltage (wet-sponge) holiday dectectors: - ground cable is attached directlyto substrate, sponge saturate with a solution of tap water/wetting agent, maximum rate of30 cm/s (1 linear ft/s) double stroke, used on coatings up to 500 uM (20 mils), may be usedon concreteHigh Voltage DC Holiday detector types include: - DC - Pulsed, DC - Constant Current

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Describe High Voltage DC Holiday Detectors: - Ground conection must be made direct tometal substrate (preferred) or indirectly when necessary (e.g., to soil for pipelinemeasurement). Rule of thumb: 100V/mil (4V/um). Electrode rate of 0.3 m/s (1 ft/s) in asingle pass (according to NACE Standard SPO 188). Voltage output range from 800 to60,000 VThe type of High Voltage Holiday dectector used for concrete is a: - High Voltage DC ConstantCurrentWhat is a Standard? - An established norm or requirement that is written by industryprofessionals. A formal document that establishes uniform engineering or technical criteria,methods, processes and practicesWhat percentage of NACE Standards relate to coatings? - 50%NACE CIP Level 2 Study GuideWJ-1 (visual cleanliness) is comparable to which abrasive blast cleaning standard? - ISO SA3Robotic water jetting includes - *attaches using vacuum, cables or magnets*Vertical, Horizontal or overhead surface*Controlled by single operator*Collects in excess of 95% of the water, removed coatings and rust (waste generated)A typical waterjetting team consists of? - *Nozzle operator

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*Pump Operator*Additional operators or workers as requiredConsiderations with Back Thrust are: - *Causes Fatique*Should be no more than 1/3 of operators body weightSafety considerations before waterjetting are - *work area is properly barricaded*Electrical equipment protected from water*Electrical connections are not allowed to sit in water*All fittings and hoses are in good condition / proper pressure rating*Nozzles are free of obstructions*System is flushed clean and air removed*The dump system and all control systems areoperational*Proper LockOut/ TagOut provisions in place*Confined entry requirements addressedWaterjetting advantages include? - *Worker Safety*Worker air quality*Less stringent respiratory requirements*No dust or contamination or clean up*Environmentally friendly*Requires less cleanupWaterjetting disadvantages include: - *Waterjetting does not leave a surface profile*Equipment is very expensive*Danger of Ultra High Pressure hose breaking*Danger of injection into the skin or serious cuts*Collecting and disposing of the contaminatedWater*Proficient operators neededCause of Blistering on coatings? - Oil, moisture and / or grease

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Saturation point drops as? - Air is compressed, making air wetterCheck compressor for water contamination at? - Moisture traps, inter cooler andaftercoolerCommon Hot Dipped (HD) inspection defects - Cracking, peeling, bare spots, lumps, Blisters,flux inclusions, ash inclusions and dross inclusionsDescribe what a Tooke Gage is and some models - *Destructive test instrument*Used on non-magnetic or nonferrousSubstrate*has illuminated 50x microscope*good from 0-100 mils*Groove cut through coating*Models are Mark II and Mark IIICentrifugal blast machine showing low amperage could indicate? - *Abrasive starved wheelor*Flooded or choked wheelHow to rectify water contamination: - *ensure cooling water is turned on*Ensure drains are not plugged*last resort is to consider installing larger orAdditional moisture trapsAir oxidization enters the coating when? - After solvent evaporatesWhat is the curing method for alkyds and epoxy ester? - Air dryingWhat is the NACE / SSPC standard for Surface Prep by Chemical or thermal means forconcrete? - NACE 6 / SSPC-SP13What are impressed current power sources - *Rectified Commercial Power*Solar Cells

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*Generators*Fuel cells*Wind Powered Cells*Thermo electricWhat is the purpose of dehumidification? - remove moisture to lower dew pointElectronic hygrometers check - *Relative humidity*Air temperature*Dew Point temperatureHow do you reduce the relative humidity of the boundary layer? - *Increase surfacetemperature*Reduce moisture by dehumidificationEquipment used for dehumidification? - *Refrigeration*DesiccantDescribe passivation and what it does? - *formation of protective oxide film* reduces chemical activity*reduce the ability to corrodeWhat are the effects of oxygen on corrosion? - Oxygen increases corrosionWhat are the effects of temperature on corrosion? - Higer temperature increases corrosionWhat are the effects of chemical salts on corrosion? - They increase the electrolyteefficiency, therefore increasing corrosionWhat are the effects of Humidity on corrosion? - A wetter environment means morecorrosion is likely to occurWhat are the effects of Pollutants and Acid gases on corrosion? - Acid rain, chemicalbyproducts and chlorides all promote corrosion.

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What are the causes for pinholes? - *Coating overspray*solvent entrapment*porosity in previously applied coat*incorrect spray viscosity*coating on hot surfaceWhat are the limitations of Magnetic Gages? - *only work on magnetic surfaces*Sensitive to discontinuities in the steel, likeholes, corners and edges*Affected by nearby magnetic fields like powerlines, welding equipment or other masses ofsteel.*roughness of steel may distort the readingsWhat type of High Voltage (HV) detector is used for concrete? - Constant current DCWater entering from compressor is dependent on? - *prevailing ambient temperature*relative humidityWhat are the causes of amine blush on cure epoxies and coal tar epoxies? - *Moisturecondensation from high humidityAtmosphere*Fast thinners used in high humidity*condensation on a cold surfaceWhat is the finish on cured epoxies and coal tar epoxies with amine blush? - Flat and milkyfinishProcedure for testing compressed air supply - *Test air supply downstream from oil &moisture traps*Hold as close as possible in airstream for 2 minutes*No further than 24" from source*Examine test material for evidence of oil contamination and moisture

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