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Histamine in time-temperature abused fish can be destroyed by: A. Cooking only. B. Freezing only. C. Both cooking and freezing. D. Neither cooking nor freezing.
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Answer

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Step 1:
Let's solve this problem step by step:

Step 2:
: Understand Histamine Formation

Histamine is a biogenic amine that forms in fish due to bacterial action, particularly in scombroid fish (like tuna, mackerel) when not properly stored. It is heat-stable and cannot be destroyed by typical cooking temperatures.

Step 3:
: Analyze the Effects of Cooking

- Cooking does NOT destroy histamine - High temperatures can kill bacteria, but do not break down the already formed histamine molecule - Cooking cannot reduce existing histamine levels in fish

Step 4:
: Analyze the Effects of Freezing

- Freezing does NOT destroy histamine - Freezing can slow bacterial growth but does not eliminate existing histamine - The histamine molecule remains stable at low temperatures

Step 5:
: Evaluate the Options

- Cooking alone will not destroy histamine ✗ - Freezing alone will not destroy histamine ✗ - Neither cooking nor freezing will eliminate histamine ✓

Final Answer

Neither cooking nor freezing will destroy histamine in time-temperature abused fish. Key Insight: Once histamine is formed, it remains stable and cannot be eliminated by standard cooking or freezing processes. Prevention of histamine formation through proper temperature control and timely refrigeration is the most effective strategy.