Test Bank for Ultimate Questions: Thinking about Philosophy, 4th Edition

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Ultimate Questions:Thinking about PhilosophyFourth EditionNils Ch. RauhutCoastal Carolina UniversityTest Bank

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33Chapter OneTest Item FileSHORT ANSWER1.What are three methods of explaining the world around us?ANSWER: mythology, religion, and philosophy2.Both science and philosophy use _____________ to explain the universe.ANSWER: reason3.The field of philosophy which investigates questions of existence and free will is____________ANSWER: metaphysics.4.The question “What is the meaning of life?” is a good example of a _________ANSWER: philosophical question5.studies how we distinguish good arguments from bad ones.ANSWER: LogicESSAY QUESTIONS6.Identify the differences between science and philosophy and describe how theyinform each other.7.Explain how philosophy is related to both mythology and religion.8.Give some examples of philosophical and scientific questions. What is thedifference between them.9.Select one of the five branches of philosophy and identify the mainphilosophical questions it raises.10.What are the major subfields of philosophy?

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34Chapter TwoSHORT ANSWER1.Define logical consistency and logical inconsistency.ANSWER: Logical consistency exists when all claims are true at the same time.Logical inconsistency is when not all claims are true at the same time, creatingcontradictions.2.What we can conceive of in our minds as possible is __________ possibility.ANSWER: logical3.In order to create a definition, __________ must be stated for the correctapplication of the term.ANSWER: necessary and sufficient terms4.Describe the basic differences between a deductive and inductive argument.ANSWER: Deductive arguments require validity, or the logical relationshipbetween the premise and the conclusion. Inductive arguments have conclusionsthat are established only to some degree of probability.5.Write an argument schema that employs a disjunctive syllogism.ARGUMENT: 1. Either p or q. 2. Not q. Therefore: P.6.The principle that the simplest solution to a question is normally the right one iscalled ______________ANSWER: Ockham’s RazorESSAY QUESTIONS7.What are the most important logical tools in answering philosophicalquestions?8.Give some examples of inductive and deductive arguments and explainthe key differences between these two types of arguments.9.Describe with the help of an example how several necessary conditionscan be jointly sufficient for a correct definition of a term.10.Is Ockham’s Razor a sound philosophical principle? Write a responsethat evaluates this principle.11.Discuss why philosophers seek to avoid contradictions in crafting alogical argument.

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