Study GuideAmerican Government–The Mass Media1. The EvoluƟon of the Mass Media (Summary & ExplanaƟon)Although mass media play a major role in American politics, they arenot formally part of thepolitical system. Journalists are not elected officials, and they have no official political authoritybeyond protections granted by theFirst Amendment. Research also suggests that the media donotdirectly control public opinion—people are rarely persuaded simply by endorsements or biasedcoverage.Despite this, the media exercisesignificant indirect influence. They help shape how Americans:•View political candidates, especially early in campaigns•Understand and frame political debates•Decide which social problems deserve public and political attentionMedia outlets also serve as an informal communication channel within government, as officials andbureaucrats often rely on news reports to learn what is happening in other agencies. For thesereasons, mass media arecritical actorsin American politics.1.1Types of Mass MediaMass media fall into two broad categories:1.Print media–newspapers and magazines2.Broadcast media–radio and televisionHistorically, Americans relied mostly on print media. Over the past 50 years,television andelectronic journalismhave become dominant. Today, theInternet blurs the linebetween print andbroadcast media, offering news alongside direct political content from candidates, parties, interestgroups, and individuals.1.2Newspapers and MagazinesEarly American newspapers were openlypartisan, tied to political parties and leaders. Examplesinclude:Preview Mode
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