Q

QuestionSociology

Institutional discrimination refers to systemic policies, practices, or structures within an organization or society that result in unequal treatment of certain groups, typically based on race, gender, ethnicity, or other protected characteristics. The key characteristic is that these discriminatory practices are embedded in the system itself, often unintentionally.

Let's examine each option carefully: A. A landlord refusing to rent to someone based on race - This is a clear example of direct, individual discrimination - While discriminatory, this is more of a personal act of prejudice - NOT an example of institutional discrimination B. A company policy that unintentionally disadvantages minority employees - This matches the definition of institutional discrimination - The policy may appear neutral but has a disproportionate negative impact on a specific group - The discrimination is systemic and built into the organizational structure C. A person making derogatory comments about another race - This is an example of individual racism or prejudice - It represents personal bias, not a systemic institutional practice - NOT an example of institutional discrimination D. A teacher giving lower grades to students of a certain ethnicity - This is direct individual discrimination - While harmful, it's a personal act of bias, not an institutional policy - NOT an example of institutional discrimination

The key characteristics of institutional discrimination are: - Systemic nature - Unintentional impact - Embedded in organizational policies or structures