Acides aminés

4 Macromolecules: Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins, and Nucleic Acids

This flashcard set introduces the four major types of biomolecules—carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids—highlighting their elemental composition, functions, and examples. It also breaks down carbohydrates into subtypes: monosaccharides and disaccharides, with real-world examples.

20 Standard Amino Acids

**20 Standard Amino Acids – 2–3 line description:** Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins, each consisting of an amino group, a carboxyl group, a hydrogen atom, and a variable R group attached to a central carbon. Glycine (Gly) has a hydrogen R group, while Alanine (Ala) has a methyl (CH₃) R group. Both are nonpolar and have aliphatic side chains.

4.2: Diffusion

Diffusion is the passive movement of molecules from a high to low concentration until equilibrium is reached. Factors like concentration gradient, surface area, and diffusion distance affect its rate. Facilitated diffusion involves specific protein channels and carrier proteins that help transport larger or charged molecules across the membrane without using energy.

3.2: The Electron Microscope

This deck covers key concepts related to electron microscopes, including their advantages, functions, and limitations.

2.4: Water and it's functions

Water has key properties like high specific heat capacity, high latent heat of vaporisation, and strong cohesion due to hydrogen bonding—making it vital for temperature regulation and transport. It also plays essential roles in metabolism, acts as a universal solvent, and provides a medium for biochemical reactions.

2.3: Energy and ATP

ATP (adenosine triphosphate) consists of adenine, ribose, and three phosphate groups. It releases energy by hydrolysis of its unstable phosphodiester bonds. ATP is regenerated through phosphorylation, which occurs in processes like photosynthesis, respiration, and substrate-level reactions.