Back to AI Flashcard MakerPolitical Science /AP Gov. Chapter 14 - The Presidency Part 2
AP Gov. Chapter 14 - The Presidency Part 2
This deck covers key concepts related to the presidency, including powers, appointments, and significant legislative acts.
Informal Sources of Presidential Power
-President makes legislative recommendations to Congress
-President acts as unofficial leader of his political party
-President uses executive privilege to protect presidential actions from congressional oversight
-President acts as a lobbyist for implementation of his agenda
-President acts as chief of state when hosting foreign leaders
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Key Terms
Term
Definition
Informal Sources of Presidential Power
-President makes legislative recommendations to Congress
-President acts as unofficial leader of his political party
-President uses executive privile...
White House Office Staff
White House staff makes up the personnel that run the White House and advise the president. Staff members do not need Senate confirmation. Staff membe...
Line-item Veto
Allows individual parts of a bill to be rejected. In 1996, Congress gave the president the line-item veto, but the Supreme Court immediately struck do...
Presidential Appointment Process
President must seek Senate approval of appointments to the Cabinet, heads of bureaucratic agencies, and federal judges. Once a president appoints an i...
National Security Council
Involved in decisions during national emergencies. Headed by National Security Advisor who has direct access to the president. -NCS has become a top f...
Joint Chiefs of Staff
Five uniformed heads of the five military service work together. Led by a chairman. Joint Chiefs and chairman are responsible for carrying out defense...
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| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
Informal Sources of Presidential Power | -President makes legislative recommendations to Congress
-President acts as unofficial leader of his political party
-President uses executive privilege to protect presidential actions from congressional oversight
-President acts as a lobbyist for implementation of his agenda
-President acts as chief of state when hosting foreign leaders |
White House Office Staff | White House staff makes up the personnel that run the White House and advise the president. Staff members do not need Senate confirmation. Staff members include: -Chief of staff -Communications office including press secretary, councils to the president, personal aides, and ancillary people such as White House cook and personal secretaries to the president and First Lady. Most staff members either work for the president during the election campaign or have been associated with the president prior to the president's election. In most cases, staff members are protected by presidential executive privilege in the discussion with the president. |
Line-item Veto | Allows individual parts of a bill to be rejected. In 1996, Congress gave the president the line-item veto, but the Supreme Court immediately struck down the power delegation as unconstitutional (Clinton v. New York) determining that: -a federal line-item veto would take too much power away from the legislative branch -The Constitution clearly states that a presidential veto must be used to oppose an entire piece of legislation |
Presidential Appointment Process | President must seek Senate approval of appointments to the Cabinet, heads of bureaucratic agencies, and federal judges. Once a president appoints an individual, the Senate: -Holds hearings in the appropriate committee -If committee approves appointment, the candidate's name is sent to the full Senate, which must approve the candidate with a majority vote •This is called advise and consent Committee hearings are often controversial and the senators grill the nominees in front of a national audience. A recess appointment is made when the president makes a temporary appointment when Congress is not in session. |
National Security Council | Involved in decisions during national emergencies. Headed by National Security Advisor who has direct access to the president. -NCS has become a top favored institution for many presidents as it is largely free from congressional oversight. NCS was used by President Kennedy during Cuban missile crisis, President Reagan during the Iran-contra affair, and President Bush during the Gulf War. |
Joint Chiefs of Staff | Five uniformed heads of the five military service work together. Led by a chairman. Joint Chiefs and chairman are responsible for carrying out defense policy and report directly to both the secretary of defense and the president. |
Pardon | Cancellation of criminal punishment. A convicted person is exempt from the penalties of a crime. -Granted by presidents and governors to those awaiting trial and to those convicted of crimes. |
Commander-in-chief | He is the chief strategist and director of military forces of the U.S. Despite this position: -President is at the mercy of Congress for funding to wage war •although it is unlikely that Congress would refuse funding once the president has engaged troops in conflict. |
White House Press Secretary | Works out of the office of communications and is the chief White House spokesperson to communicate directly with the media. Press secretary does not need Senate confirmation. Press secretary attempts to control the flow of information out of the White House and tries to set the agenda on a daily basis. Press secretary holds daily press briefings that are televised from the WH press office. |
Office of Management and Budget | Also called OMB, is run by a director who is confirmed by the Senate. Main responsibility of the OMB is to assist the president in observing the preparation of the federal budget and supervise its administration after budget is passed by Congress. OMB also evaluates the effectiveness of bureaucratic agencies and sets funding priorities. OMB issues reports and recommends legislation related to budget priorities. |
Constitutional Powers of Vice-President | Constitution gives the vice-president one power-to act as president of the Senate and act as the Senate's chief president officer. Vice-president uses this power to cast a tie-breaking vote in the Senate. |
White House Chief of Staff and National Security Advisor | White House Staff: -White House chief of staff is president's closest advisor. -Position of chief of staff does not require Senate confirmation. -Coordinates the day-to-day schedule of the president and is often called the White House 'gatekeeper' National Security Advisor: -Provides daily security briefings to the president along with other key security personnel. |
War Powers Act | Limits the ability of the president to commit troops to combat. Congress passed a joint resolution limiting the President's power to wage war without a declaration of war from Congress. Provisions of the act include the requirement that the president consult with Congress prior to deploying troops, and after the deployment of troops setting up date benchmarks for the removal of troops if Congress has not declared war or authorized the use of force. |
Congressional Budget Office | CBO was created in 1974 as result of hostile relations between Congress and President Richard Nixon. Purpose of office was to establish a nonpartisan arm of Congress that would generate economic reports related to budget issues including the president's proposed budget and congressional budgets. CBO works closely with the House and Senate budget committees as well as other committees that have appropriation responsibilities. CBO gives reports on the cost estimates for every bill that is discussed in congressional committees. |
Watergate | Break-in at the Democratic National Committee headquarters at the Watergate building in 1972 that resulted in a cover-up and the subsequent resignation of President Nixon. |
Impeachment of President | Removal from office after charges of 'high crimes and misdemeanors' are brought up by the House of Representatives and a trial in the Senate convicts the president of the charges brought by the House. First step in the impeachment process is the House Judiciary Committee voting to bring articles of impeachment against the president to the full House. House of Representatives votes on the articles of impeachment and if a majority of the members of Congress vote yes, the Senate then convenes and conducts a trial. The chief justice of the U.S. Supreme Court presides over the trial and in order to convict the president, a 2/3 majority of the senators must vote yes. Only two presidents have been impeached - Johnson and Clinton. |