AP Gov-Unit 2 Vocab Part 3

Political Science21 CardsCreated 4 months ago

This deck covers key vocabulary terms and landmark court cases relevant to Unit 2 of AP Government, focusing on policy formation, legislative processes, and judicial review.

Issue networks

A loose grouping of people and organizations who seek to influence policy formation.
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Key Terms

Term
Definition
Issue networks
A loose grouping of people and organizations who seek to influence policy formation.
Patronage
The power to control appointments to office or the right to privileges.
Spoils System
A system of public employment based on rewarding party loyalists and friends.
Civil service system
Practice of government employment based on competitive examinations and merit.
Merit system
A system of employment based on qualifications, test scores, and ability, rather than party loyalty.
Rule making
The administrative process that results in the issuance of regulations by government agencies.

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TermDefinition
Issue networks
A loose grouping of people and organizations who seek to influence policy formation.
Patronage
The power to control appointments to office or the right to privileges.
Spoils System
A system of public employment based on rewarding party loyalists and friends.
Civil service system
Practice of government employment based on competitive examinations and merit.
Merit system
A system of employment based on qualifications, test scores, and ability, rather than party loyalty.
Rule making
The administrative process that results in the issuance of regulations by government agencies.
Red tape
Complex bureaucratic rules and procedures that must be followed to get something done.
Congressional Oversight
Congress can review and supervise federal agencies by holding committee hearings and hearing testimony from members of those executive agencies.
Committee hearings
Sessions where a committee listens to the testimonies of people who are interested in the bill.
Power of the Purse
When Congress uses its power over the budget to oversee federal agencies and their policy implementation.
Baker v. Carr
Establishing both the 'one-person, one-vote' principle - that districts should be proportionately represented - and that the Court had jurisdiction to review state redistricting issues.
Shaw v. Reno
Established that although legislative redistricting must be conscious of race and comply with the Voting Rights Act of 1965, it cannot exceed what is reasonably necessary to avoid racial imbalances.
Marbury v. Madison (1803)
Established the principle of judicial review, giving the Supreme Court the power to strike down acts of the legislative or executive branch that violate the Constitution.
Appropriation
A legislative grant of money to finance a government program or agency.
Bureaucracy
An organization with a hierarchical structure and specific responsibilities intended to enhance efficiency and effectiveness.
Bureaucratic Discretion
Bureaucrats' use of their own judgment in interpreting and carrying out the laws of Congress.
Casework
Activities of members of Congress that help constituents as individuals; cutting through bureaucratic red tape to get people what they think they have a right to get.
Closed rule
An order from the House Rules Committee that sets a time limit on debate; forbids a bill from being amended on the floor.
Impeachment
The process of bringing charges against a government official for wrongdoing.
Line item veto
Presidential power to strike, or remove, specific items from a spending bill without vetoing the entire package.
Mark up
The process by which congressional committees and subcommittees debate, amend, and rewrite proposed legislation.