Back to AI Flashcard MakerNursing /BDS2 OSCE Prep - Diseases Affecting Dentistry
what is anaemia and what are its main causes?
a reduction of Haemoglobin (oxygen carrying ability) in the blood reduced production of RBCs increased losses (excessive bleeding) increased demand of body
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Key Terms
Term
Definition
what is anaemia and what are its main causes?
a reduction of Haemoglobin (oxygen carrying ability) in the blood reduced production of RBCs increased losses (excessive bleeding) increased demand o...
what are examples of iron sources?
meat green leafy vegetables iron tablets
what are the main types of anaemias?
iron deficiency anaemia folate deficiency anaemia vitamin B12 anaemia/pernicious anaemia haemolytic anaemias
what diseases may cause iron-definiciency anaemia? why?
BLOOD LOSS - menstruation, pregnancy and GI tract bleeding ACHLORHYDRIA - lack of stomach acid therefor no conversion of non-haem iron to haem COELIAC...
how can iron-loss anaemia occur?
gastric erosions and ulcers GI tract bleeding (inflammatory bowel disease, bowel cancer etc) haemorrhoids ANYTHING THAT CAUSES BLEEDING
how is vitamin B12 abosorbed within the body?
intrinsic factor secreted by gastric parietal cells intrinsic factor then binds to vitamin B12 taken in through diet absorbed specifically in ILEUM st...
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| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
what is anaemia and what are its main causes? | a reduction of Haemoglobin (oxygen carrying ability) in the blood reduced production of RBCs increased losses (excessive bleeding) increased demand of body |
what are examples of iron sources? | meat green leafy vegetables iron tablets |
what are the main types of anaemias? | iron deficiency anaemia folate deficiency anaemia vitamin B12 anaemia/pernicious anaemia haemolytic anaemias |
what diseases may cause iron-definiciency anaemia? why? | BLOOD LOSS - menstruation, pregnancy and GI tract bleeding ACHLORHYDRIA - lack of stomach acid therefor no conversion of non-haem iron to haem COELIAC DISEASE - intestinal villi abnormality which lowers absorption of iron from diet |
how can iron-loss anaemia occur? | gastric erosions and ulcers GI tract bleeding (inflammatory bowel disease, bowel cancer etc) haemorrhoids ANYTHING THAT CAUSES BLEEDING |
how is vitamin B12 abosorbed within the body? | intrinsic factor secreted by gastric parietal cells intrinsic factor then binds to vitamin B12 taken in through diet absorbed specifically in ILEUM stored usually in liver |
how can Vitamin B12 anaemia occur? | lack of B12 intake (VEGANS) lack of intrinsic factor (specific autoimmune disease known as pernicious anaemia) disease of terminal ileum (chrons disease) |
anaemia in a patient may be as a result of abnormal globin chains, what are examples of these conditions? | Thalassaemia - Sickle cell anaemia |
how can the haem production in thalassaemic patients be described? | NORMAL - disease occurs due to genetic mutation of globin chains |
what are the clinical effects of thalassaemia? | chronic anaemia marrow hyperplasia (bones expand) splenomegaly cirrhosis gallstones |
how do RBCs differ in a patient with sickle cell anaemia? | RBCs have curled up edges, no longer able to squeeze through capillaries |
what is pernicious anaemia? | a specific type of Vitamin B12 deficiency anaemia caused by lack of intrinsic factor |
what are microcytic cells? what type of anaemias have thsi? | RBCs that are smaller than normal iron deficiency anaemia thalassaemia |
what are macrocytic cells? what type of anaemias exhibit this? | RBCs which are larger in size - B12/folate deficiency anaemia |
what are normocytic cells? what types of anaemia may show these? | normal sized RBCs - usually normocytic anaemias are caused by bleeding, renal problems are chronic diseases |
what are hypochromic cells? when might you see these cells in a patient? | when RBCs are paler in colour than normal (due to less haemoglobin in cells) any anemias which reduce haemoglobin content of cells |
what are some usual signs of Anaemia? | pale tachycardia splitting of fingernails smooth tongue |
what are some usual symptoms of anaemia? | fatigue and lethargy dizziness shortness of breath palpitations |
what oral symptom may occur as a result of vitamin B12 deficiency anaemia? | beefy tongue |
A patient comes into your practise and as you are taking their medical history you begin to suspect that they may suffer from Anaemia, what do you do? | Send them to doctor for tests: - full blood count |
how might iron deficient anaemia affect the oral cavity? | mucosal atrophy candidiasis recurrent oral ulceration sensory changes |
approximately* when does the development of the face begin? | 4-8 week in utero |
approx.* when does the formation of palate occur? | approx 6-10 weeks in utero |
what is the earliest bone laid down in the skull & when does this occur approx*? | Mandible - 6/7 weeks in utero |
what pharyngeal arch does the trigeminal nerve derive from? | 1st pharangeal arch |
what nerve derives from the 2nd pharyngeal arch? | facial nerve (controls muscles of facial expression) |
what nerve derives from the 3rd pharyngeal arch? | glossopharyngeal nerve |