Biological Molecules and Their Functions Part 3
It covers the differences between organisms at the molecular level, the types and structures of biological molecules (carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids), and the chemical reactions involved in polymer formation and breakdown. Ideal for high school or introductory college-level biology courses, this set provides a concise and structured way to master foundational biochemistry concepts.
In a normal cellular protein, where would you expect to find a hydrophobic amino acid like valine?
a)anywhere in the protein, with equal probability
b)in the interior of the folded protein, away from water
c)in the interior of the folded protein, away from water, or in a transmembrane portion interacting with lipid fatty acid chains
d)on the exterior surface of the protein, interacting with water
e)in the transmembrane portion interacting with lipid fatty acid chains
in the interior of the folded protein, away from water, or in a transmembrane portion interacting with lipid fatty acid chains
Key Terms
In a normal cellular protein, where would you expect to find a hydrophobic amino acid like valine?
a)anywhere in the protein, with equal probability
b)in the interior of the folded protein, away from water
c)in the interior of the folded protein, away from water, or in a transmembrane portion interacting with lipid fatty acid chains
d)on the exterior surface of the protein, interacting with water
e)in the transmembrane portion interacting with lipid fatty acid chains
in the interior of the folded protein, away from water, or in a transmembrane portion interacting with lipid fatty acid chains
Which of the following techniques uses the amino acid sequences of polypeptides to predict a protein's three-dimensional structure?
a)X-ray crystallography
b)high-speed centrifugation
c)analysis of amino acid sequence of small fragments
d)bioinformatics
e)NMR spectroscopy
bioinformatics
If cells are grown in a medium containing radioactive 35S, which of these molecules will be labeled?
a)both proteins and nucleic acids
b)phospholipids
c)amylose
d)proteins
e)nucleic acids
proteins
What is the term used for a protein molecule that assists in the proper folding of other proteins?
a)denaturing protein
b)tertiary protein
c)renaturing protein
d)enzyme protein
e)chaperonin
chaperonin
A new organism is discovered in the forests of Costa Rica. Scientists there determine that the polypeptide sequence of hemoglobin from the new organism has 72 amino acid differences from humans, 65 differences from a gibbon, 49 differences from a rat, and 5 differences from a frog. These data suggest that the new organism
a)is more closely related to rats than to frogs.
b)is more closely related to frogs than to humans
c)is more closely related to humans than to rats.
d)is more closely related to humans than to frogs.
e)is more closely related to gibbons than to rats.
is more closely related to frogs than to humans
Which of the following statements about the 5' end of a polynucleotide strand of DNA is correct?
a)The 5' end is the fifth position on one of the nitrogenous bases.
b)The 5' end has a carboxyl group attached to the number 5 carbon of deoxyribose.
c)The 5' end has a phosphate group attached to the number 5 carbon of deoxyribose.
d)The 5' end has a phosphate group attached to the number 5 carbon of the nitrogenous base.
e)The 5' end has a hydroxyl group attached to the number 5 carbon of deoxyribose.
The 5' end has a phosphate group attached to the number 5 carbon of deoxyribose.
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| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
In a normal cellular protein, where would you expect to find a hydrophobic amino acid like valine? | in the interior of the folded protein, away from water, or in a transmembrane portion interacting with lipid fatty acid chains |
Which of the following techniques uses the amino acid sequences of polypeptides to predict a protein's three-dimensional structure? | bioinformatics |
If cells are grown in a medium containing radioactive 35S, which of these molecules will be labeled? | proteins |
What is the term used for a protein molecule that assists in the proper folding of other proteins? | chaperonin |
A new organism is discovered in the forests of Costa Rica. Scientists there determine that the polypeptide sequence of hemoglobin from the new organism has 72 amino acid differences from humans, 65 differences from a gibbon, 49 differences from a rat, and 5 differences from a frog. These data suggest that the new organism | is more closely related to frogs than to humans |
Which of the following statements about the 5' end of a polynucleotide strand of DNA is correct? | The 5' end has a phosphate group attached to the number 5 carbon of deoxyribose. |
One of the primary functions of RNA molecules is to | function in the synthesis of proteins. |
If 14C-labeled uracil is added to the growth medium of cells, what macromolecules will be labeled? | RNA |
Which of the following descriptions best fits the class of molecules known as nucleotides? | a nitrogenous base, a phosphate group, and a pentose sugar |
Which of the following are nitrogenous bases of the pyrimidine type? | cytosine and uracil |
Which of the following are nitrogenous bases of the purine type? | guanine and adenine |
If a DNA sample were composed of 10% thymine, what would be the percentage of guanine? | 40 |
A double-stranded DNA molecule contains a total of 120 purines and 120 pyrimidines. This DNA molecule could be composed of | 120 thymine and 120 adenine molecules. |
Which of the following statements best summarizes the differences between DNA and RNA? | DNA nucleotides contain a different sugar than RNA nucleotides. |
What is the structural feature that allows DNA to replicate? | complementary pairing of the nitrogenous bases |
If one strand of a DNA molecule has the sequence of bases 5'ATTGCA3', the other complementary strand would have the sequence | 5'TGCAAT3'. |