Back to AI Flashcard MakerBiology /Biology IB HL - 11.3 The Kidney Part 2
Where are these materials passed from the tubules?
The tubules pass these materials into the gut to combine with the digested food products
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Key Terms
Term
Definition
Where are these materials passed from the tubules?
The tubules pass these materials into the gut to combine with the digested food products
What is the ultimate product of the excretory system?
Solutes, water and salts are reabsorbed into the hemolymph at the hindgut, whereas nitrogenous wastes (as uric acid) and undigested food materials are...
What is the role of the kidneys?
The kidney functions as the blood’s filtration and water balancing system – it removes metabolic wastes for excretion
Describe the blood flow through the kidney?
Blood enters the kidneys via the renal artery and exits the kidneys via the renal vein
What filters blood in the kidney?
Blood is filtered by specialised structures called nephrons which produce urine
Where is urine transported to from the kidneys? What is it transported through?
The urine is transported from the kidneys via the ureter, where it is stored by the bladder prior to excretion
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| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
Where are these materials passed from the tubules? | The tubules pass these materials into the gut to combine with the digested food products |
What is the ultimate product of the excretory system? | Solutes, water and salts are reabsorbed into the hemolymph at the hindgut, whereas nitrogenous wastes (as uric acid) and undigested food materials are excreted via the anus |
What is the role of the kidneys? | The kidney functions as the blood’s filtration and water balancing system – it removes metabolic wastes for excretion |
Describe the blood flow through the kidney? | Blood enters the kidneys via the renal artery and exits the kidneys via the renal vein |
What filters blood in the kidney? | Blood is filtered by specialised structures called nephrons which produce urine |
Where is urine transported to from the kidneys? What is it transported through? | The urine is transported from the kidneys via the ureter, where it is stored by the bladder prior to excretion |
What is the role of the nephrons? | The kidney contains specialised structures called nephrons which function to filter the blood and eliminate wastes |
What does the filtering function of the kidney say about the composition of the blood entering and leaving the kidney? | Consequently, the composition of blood entering the kidney (via renal artery) differs to that exiting the kidney (via renal vein) |
How will the urea content of blood in the renal vein differ from the blood in the renal artery? | Less urea (large amounts of urea is removed via the nephrons to form urine) |
How will the water and solute/ion content of blood in the renal vein differ from the blood in the renal artery? | Less water and solutes / ions (amount removed will depend on the hydration status of the individual) |
How will the glucose and oxygen content of blood in the renal vein differ from the blood in the renal artery? | Less glucose and oxygen (not eliminated, but used by the kidney to generate energy and fuel metabolic reactions) |
How will the carbon dioxide content of blood in the renal vein differ from the blood in the renal artery? | More carbon dioxide (produced by the kidneys as a by-product of metabolic reactions) |
What is a nephron? | The nephron is the functional unit of the kidney |
What are the 4 components of a nephron? | Bowman’s capsule; Proximal convoluted tubule; Loop of Henle; Distal Convoluted Tubule |
What is the Bowman's Capsule? | first part of the nephron where blood is initially filtered (to form filtrate) |
What is the Loop of Henle? | a selectively permeable loop that descends into the medulla and establishes a salt gradient |
What is the proximal convoluted tubule? | folded structure connected to the Bowman’s capsule where selective reabsorption occurs |
What is the distal convoluted tubule? | a folded structure connected to the loop of Henle where further selective reabsorption occurs |
How does blood enter and leave the Bowman's capsule? | The blood to be filtered enters the Bowman’s capsule via an afferent arteriole and leaves the capsule via an efferent arteriole |
Where is blood filtered within the glomerulus? | Within the Bowman’s capsule, the blood is filtered at a capillary tuft called the glomerulus |
What does the efferent arteriole form in the Bowman's Capsule and what is its purpose? | The efferent arteriole forms a blood network called the vasa recta that reabsorbs components of the filtrate from the nephron |
What does each nephron connect to? | Each nephron connects to a collecting duct (via the distal convoluted tubule), which feed into the renal pelvis |
Why are collecting ducts not considered to be a part of the nephron? | The collecting ducts are shared by nephrons and hence are not technically considered to be part of a single nephron |
What is the role of nephrons? | Nephrons filter blood and then reabsorb useful materials from the filtrate before eliminating the remainder as urine |
What are the 3 processes that occur in a nephron? | ultrafiltration; selective reansorption; osmoregulation |