How is the presence of glucose in urine an indicator of kidney diseases?
The presence of glucose in urine is a common indicator of diabetes (high blood glucose = incomplete reabsorption)
Key Terms
How is the presence of glucose in urine an indicator of kidney diseases?
The presence of glucose in urine is a common indicator of diabetes (high blood glucose = incomplete reabsorption)
How is the presence of proteins in urine an indicator of kidney diseases?
High quantities of protein in urine may indicate disease (e.g. PKU) or hormonal conditions (e.g. hCG = pregnancy)
How is the presence of blood cells in urine an indicator of kidney diseases?
The presence of blood in urine can indicate a variety of diseases, including certain infections and cancer
How is the presence of drugs/toxins in urine an indicator of kidney diseases?
Many drugs pass through the body into urine and can be detected (e.g. performance enhancing drugs)
What does kidney dialysis involve?
Kidney dialysis involves the external filtering of blood in order to remove metabolic wastes in patients with kidney failure
What is the dialyzer similar to?
Blood is removed and pumped through a dialyzer, which has two key functions that are common to BIOLOGICAL MEMBRANES:
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| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
How is the presence of glucose in urine an indicator of kidney diseases? | The presence of glucose in urine is a common indicator of diabetes (high blood glucose = incomplete reabsorption) |
How is the presence of proteins in urine an indicator of kidney diseases? | High quantities of protein in urine may indicate disease (e.g. PKU) or hormonal conditions (e.g. hCG = pregnancy) |
How is the presence of blood cells in urine an indicator of kidney diseases? | The presence of blood in urine can indicate a variety of diseases, including certain infections and cancer |
How is the presence of drugs/toxins in urine an indicator of kidney diseases? | Many drugs pass through the body into urine and can be detected (e.g. performance enhancing drugs) |
What does kidney dialysis involve? | Kidney dialysis involves the external filtering of blood in order to remove metabolic wastes in patients with kidney failure |
What is the dialyzer similar to? | Blood is removed and pumped through a dialyzer, which has two key functions that are common to BIOLOGICAL MEMBRANES: |
What are the two similarities between a dialyzer and a biological membrane? | It contains a porous membrane that is semi-permeable (restricts passage of certain materials) It introduces fresh dialysis fluid and removes wastes to maintain an appropriate concentration gradient |
How often is kidney dialysis needed? | Kidney dialysis treatments typically last about 4 hours and occur 3 times a week – these treatments can be effective for years |
What is a problem of hemodialysis? | Hemodialysis ensures continued blood filtering, but does not address the underlying issue affecting kidney function |
What is the best long-term treatment for kidney diseases? | The best long-term treatment for kidney failure is a kidney transplant |
Where is the transplanted kidney grafted into? | The transplanted kidney is grafted into the abdomen, with arteries, veins and ureter connected to the recipient’s vessels |
What must the transplanted kidney be similar to? | Donors must typically be a close genetic match in order to minimise the potential for graft rejection |
How many kidneys are needed to survive? | Donors can survive with one kidney and so may commonly donate the second to relative suffering kidney failure |