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Biology IB HL - 6.2 The Blood System Part 4
This deck covers key concepts of the circulatory system in biology, including the structure and function of the heart, blood vessels, and the differences between open and closed circulatory systems.
Why can larger organisms not rely on diffusion?
Larger organisms have more layers of cells, so diffusion alone is insufficient for transport of materials between cells further from the exchange surface of the organism
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Key Terms
Term
Definition
Why can larger organisms not rely on diffusion?
Larger organisms have more layers of cells, so diffusion alone is insufficient for transport of materials between cells further from the exchange surf...
What are circulatory systems?
Circulatory systems are systems which transport fluids containing materials needed by the organism, as well as waste materials that need to be removed
What do circulatory systems ensure?
Circulatory systems ensure that fluids containing these substances reach all of the cells in an organism quickly enough to supply their needs and remo...
What is a closed circulatory system?
A closed circulatory system is one in which blood is contained within a network of blood vessels
What is an open circulatory system?
As opposed to an open circulatory system in which the fluid fills the body cavity e.g. as in insects
What is a double circulatory system?
A double circulatory system passes through the heart twice for every one complete circuit of the body, with blood passing through two separate circuit...
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| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
Why can larger organisms not rely on diffusion? | Larger organisms have more layers of cells, so diffusion alone is insufficient for transport of materials between cells further from the exchange surface of the organism |
What are circulatory systems? | Circulatory systems are systems which transport fluids containing materials needed by the organism, as well as waste materials that need to be removed |
What do circulatory systems ensure? | Circulatory systems ensure that fluids containing these substances reach all of the cells in an organism quickly enough to supply their needs and remove waste |
What is a closed circulatory system? | A closed circulatory system is one in which blood is contained within a network of blood vessels |
What is an open circulatory system? | As opposed to an open circulatory system in which the fluid fills the body cavity e.g. as in insects |
What is a double circulatory system? | A double circulatory system passes through the heart twice for every one complete circuit of the body, with blood passing through two separate circuits known as pulmonary and systemic circulation |
What side of the heart is related to the pulmonary circulatory system? | In the pulmonary circulatory system
| The right side of the heart pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs for gas exchange |
What is the pressure of the blood in the pulmonary system? | Blood pressure is lower in the pulmonary system; this prevents damage to the lungs |
What part of the heart is involved in the systemic circulation? | In the systemic circulatory system
| Oxygenated blood returns to the left side of the heart from the lungs |
What chamber of the heart is responsible for pushing blood around the body? | The left ventricle then pumps the oxygenated blood at high pressure around the body |
What is the structure and function of the heart? | A hollow, muscular organ located in the chest cavity which pumps blood. Cardiac muscle tissue is specialised for repeated involuntary contraction without rest. |
What is the structure and function of arteries? | Blood vessels which carry blood away from the heart. The walls of the arteries contain lots of muscle and elastic tissue and a narrow lumen to maintain high blood pressure. Arteries range from 0.4 - 2.5 cm in diamter. |
What is the structure and function of arterioles? | Small arteries which branch from larger arteries and connect to capillaries. There are around 30 μm (micrometre) in diameter |
What is the structure and function of capillaries? | Tiny blood vessels (5-10μm in diameter) which connect arterioles and venules. Their size means they pass directly past cells and tissues and perform gas exchange and exchange of substances such as glucose |
What is the structure and function of venules? | Small veins which join capillaires to larger veins. they have a diameter of 7μm - 1mm |
What is the structure and function of veins? | Blood vessels which carry blood back towards the heart. The walls of the veins are thin in comparison to arteries, having less muscle and elastic tissue and a wider lumen. Valves help maintain blood flow back towards the heart. |
What do atria act as? What collects and delivers blood to them? | The atria act as reservoirs, by which blood returning to the heart is collected via veins (and passed on to ventricles) |
What do the ventricles act as? | The ventricles act as pumps, expelling the blood from the heart at high pressure via arteries |
Why are there two distinct sets of atria and ventricles? | The reason why there are two sets of atria and ventricles is because there are two distinct locations for blood transport |
What is the left side of the heart responsible for? | The left side of the heart pumps oxygenated blood around the body (systemic circulation) |
What is the right side of the heart responsible for? | The right side of the heart pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs (pulmonary circulation) |
How does the left side of the heart differ from the right side, in terms of structure and why? | he left side of the heart will have a much thicker muscular wall (myocardium) as it must pump blood much further |
What separates the chambers of the heart? | The left and right sides of the heart are separated by a wall of muscular tissue called the septum. |
What is the role of the septum? | The septum is very important for ensuring blood doesn’t mix between the left and right sides of the heart |
What is the role of valves? | Valves are important for keeping blood flowing forward in the right direction and stopping it flowing backwards. They are also important for maintaining the correct pressure in the chambers of the heart |