Back to AI Flashcard MakerBiology /Biology IB HL - 6.6 Homeostasis Part 4
What are secondary sex characteristics in males?
Including body hair, muscle mass, deepening of voice
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Term
Definition
What are secondary sex characteristics in males?
Including body hair, muscle mass, deepening of voice
What are the 3 roles of estrogen and progesterone?
1. They promote the pre-natal development of the female reproductive organs. They are responsible for the development of secondary sex characteristics...
What initially secretes estrogen and progesterone, and how does this change?
Initially, estrogen and progesterone are secreted by the mother’s ovaries and then the placenta – until female reproductive organs develop (this occur...
What does the male reproductive system contain?
The male reproductive system includes all the organs responsible for the production of sperm (the male gamete)
What is the role of the organs of the male reproductive system?
It also includes the organs that are involved in synthesising the semen in which the sperm is transported during copulation
What are the 6 structures of the male reproductive system?
Testis, epididymis, vas deferens, seminal vesicle, prostate gland, urethra
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| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
What are secondary sex characteristics in males? | Including body hair, muscle mass, deepening of voice |
What are the 3 roles of estrogen and progesterone? | 1. They promote the pre-natal development of the female reproductive organs. They are responsible for the development of secondary sex characteristics (including body hair and breast development). They are involved in monthly preparation of egg release following puberty (via the menstrual cycle) |
What initially secretes estrogen and progesterone, and how does this change? | Initially, estrogen and progesterone are secreted by the mother’s ovaries and then the placenta – until female reproductive organs develop (this occurs in the absence of testosterone) |
What does the male reproductive system contain? | The male reproductive system includes all the organs responsible for the production of sperm (the male gamete) |
What is the role of the organs of the male reproductive system? | It also includes the organs that are involved in synthesising the semen in which the sperm is transported during copulation |
What are the 6 structures of the male reproductive system? | Testis, epididymis, vas deferens, seminal vesicle, prostate gland, urethra |
What is the role of the testis? | The testis (plural: testes) is responsible for the production of sperm and testosterone (male sex hormone) |
What is the role of the epididymis? | Site where sperm matures and develops the ability to be motile (i.e. ‘swim’) – mature sperm is stored here until ejaculation |
What is the role of the vas deferens? | Long tube which conducts sperm from the testes to the prostate gland (which connects to the urethra) during ejaculation |
What is the role of the seminal vesicle? | Secretes fluid containing fructose (to nourish sperm), mucus (to protect sperm) and prostaglandin (triggers uterine contractions) |
What is the role of the prostate gland? | Secretes an alkaline fluid to neutralise vaginal acids (necessary to maintain sperm viability) |
What is the role of the urethra? | Conducts sperm / semen from the prostate gland to the outside of the body via the penis (also used to convey urine) |
What are the purposes of the female reproductive system? | The female reproductive system includes all the organs responsible for the production of an oocyte (the female gamete). It also includes the organs involved in initially developing and maintaining an embryo during the early stages of pregnancy |
What is the role of the ovary? | The ovary is where oocytes mature prior to release (ovulation) – it also responsible for estrogen and progesterone secretion |
What is the role of the fimbria? | Fimbria (plural: fimbriae) are a fringe of tissue adjacent to an ovary that sweep an oocyte into the oviduct |
What is the role of the oviduct? | The oviduct (or fallopian tube) transports the oocyte to the uterus – it is also typically where fertilisation occurs |
What is the role of the uterus? | The uterus is the organ where a fertilised egg will implant and develop (becoming an embryo) |
What is the role of the endometrium? | The mucous membrane lining of the uterus, it thickens in preparation for implantation or is otherwise lost (via menstruation) |
What is the role of the vagina? | Passage leading to the uterus by which the penis can enter (uterus protected by a muscular opening called the cervix) |
What does the menstrual cycle describe? | The menstrual cycle describes recurring changes that occur within the female reproductive system to make pregnancy possible |
How long does the menstrual cycle last? | Each menstrual cycle lasts roughly one month (~28 days) and begins at puberty (menarche) before ending with menopause |
What are the two key groups of hormones which control and coordinate the menstrual cycle? | Pituitary hormones (FSH and LH) are released from the anterior pituitary gland and act on the ovaries to develop follicles. Ovarian hormones (estrogen and progesterone) are released from the ovaries and act on the uterus to prepare for pregnancy |
What is the role of FSH? | Stimulates follicular growth in ovaries. Stimulates estrogen secretion (from developing follicles) |
What is the role of LH? | Surge causes ovulation. Results in the formation of a corpus luteum |
What is the role of estrogen? | Thickens uterine lining (endometrium); inhibits FSH and LH for most of cycle; stimulates FSH and LH release pre-ovulation |