What are factors that can influence enzyme reactions
Key Terms
What are factors that can influence enzyme reactions
What type of substance can be used to affect the kinetics of an enzyme reaction?
Competitive and non-competitive inhibitors effect the kinetics of an enzyme-catalysed reaction in different ways:
What do competitive and non-competitive inhibitors have in common?
Both reduce the rate of reaction by limiting the amount of uninhibited enzyme available for reaction
Where do competitive inhibitors bind?
Bind directly to the active site and hence exist in direct competition with the substrate
How do increased substrate levels affect enzyme activity with competitive inhibitors?
Increasing substrate levels will increase the likelihood of the enzyme colliding with the substrate instead of the inhibitor
Can the max rate of enzymatic activity be reached with competitive inhibitors?
The maximum rate of enzyme activity (Vmax) can still be achieved, although it requires a higher substrate concentration
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| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
What are factors that can influence enzyme reactions | Factors which can influence the rate of an enzyme-catalysed reaction include temperature, pH and substrate concentration |
What type of substance can be used to affect the kinetics of an enzyme reaction? | Competitive and non-competitive inhibitors effect the kinetics of an enzyme-catalysed reaction in different ways: |
What do competitive and non-competitive inhibitors have in common? | Both reduce the rate of reaction by limiting the amount of uninhibited enzyme available for reaction |
Where do competitive inhibitors bind? | Bind directly to the active site and hence exist in direct competition with the substrate |
How do increased substrate levels affect enzyme activity with competitive inhibitors? | Increasing substrate levels will increase the likelihood of the enzyme colliding with the substrate instead of the inhibitor |
Can the max rate of enzymatic activity be reached with competitive inhibitors? | The maximum rate of enzyme activity (Vmax) can still be achieved, although it requires a higher substrate concentration |
Where do non-competitive inhibitors bind? | Bind to an allosteric site and hence do not exist in direct competition with the substrate |
How do increased substrate levels affect enzyme activity with non-competitive inhibitors? | Increasing substrate concentrations will not effect the level of inhibition caused by the non-competitive inhibitor |
How is the maximum rate of enzymatic activity affected? | The maximum rate of enzyme activity (Vmax) is therefore reduced |
What is malaria? | Malaria is a disease caused by parasitic protozoans of the genus Plasmodium |
What does a life cycle of a parasite involve? | The life cycle of the parasite requires both a human and mosquito host – hence the disease is transmitted via mosquito bites |
What coordinates the growth and maturation of parasites? | The maturation and development of the parasite in both human and mosquito host is coordinated by specific enzymes |
How can anti-malarial drugs be developed? | By targeting these enzymes for inhibition, new anti-malarial drugs and medications can be produced |
What have scientists done to the plasmodium? | Scientists have sequenced the genome of infectious species of Plasmodium and used it to determine the parasite’s proteome |
What can be done with the proteome of plasmodium? | From the proteome, enzymes involved in parasitic metabolism have been identified as potential targets for inhibition |
How can inhibitors be found for the enzymes in plasmodium | These enzymes may be screened against a bioinformatic database of chemicals to identify potential enzyme inhibitors |
What is done to a compound that looks promising as an inhibitor for malaria? | Once a promising compound is identified, it may be chemically modified to improve its binding affinity and lower its toxicity |
What is a way that malaria drugs can be created? | An alternative method by which potential new anti-malarial medications can be synthesised is via rational drug design |
What does rational drug design involve? | Rational drug design involves using computer modelling techniques to invent a compound that will function as an inhibitor |
What does rational drug design produce? | Using combinatorial chemistry, a compound is synthesised that is complementary to the active site of the target enzyme |