Back to AI Flashcard MakerBiology /Biology IB HL - 9.4 Plant Reproduction Part 4
In what seasons will long-day plants typically not flower?
These plants will traditionally not flower during the winter and autumn months when night lengths are long
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Key Terms
Term
Definition
In what seasons will long-day plants typically not flower?
These plants will traditionally not flower during the winter and autumn months when night lengths are long
How can horticulturalists manipulate long-day plants to bloom?
Horticulturalists can trigger flowering in these plants by exposing the plant to a light source during the night
What is an example of a long-day plant?
Carnations are an example of a long-day plant
When will short-day plants typically not flower?
These plants will traditionally not flower during the summer months when night lengths are short
How can horticulturalists manipulate short-day plants to bloom?
Horticulturalists can trigger flowering in these plants by covering the plant with an opaque black cloth for ~12 hours a day
What is an example of a short-day plant?
Crysanthemums are an example of a short-day plant
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| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
In what seasons will long-day plants typically not flower? | These plants will traditionally not flower during the winter and autumn months when night lengths are long |
How can horticulturalists manipulate long-day plants to bloom? | Horticulturalists can trigger flowering in these plants by exposing the plant to a light source during the night |
What is an example of a long-day plant? | Carnations are an example of a long-day plant |
When will short-day plants typically not flower? | These plants will traditionally not flower during the summer months when night lengths are short |
How can horticulturalists manipulate short-day plants to bloom? | Horticulturalists can trigger flowering in these plants by covering the plant with an opaque black cloth for ~12 hours a day |
What is an example of a short-day plant? | Crysanthemums are an example of a short-day plant |
In, for example, a greenhouse, what length of darkness do long-day plants require? | Long-day plants require periods of darkness to be less than an uninterrupted critical length |
In, for example, a greenhouse, what length of darkness do short-day plants require? | Short-day plants require periods of darkness to be greater than an uninterrupted critical length |
What does germination create? | The seed will be dispersed from the parental plant and will then germinate, giving rise to a new plant |
What 5 features does a typical seed possess? | testa; micropyle; cotyledon; plumule; radicle |
What is the testa? | an outer seed coat that protects the embryonic plant |
What is the micropyle? | a small pore in the outer covering of the seed, that allows for the passage of water |
What is the cotyledon? | contains the food stores for the seed and forms the embryonic leaves |
What is the plumule? | the embryonic shoot (also called the epicotyl) |
What is the radicle? | the embryonic root |
What is germination? | Germination is the process by which a seed emerges from a period of dormancy and begins to sprout |
What 4 basic factors does a seed require to germinate? | oxygen; water; temperature; pH |
Why does a seed require oxygen for germination? | for aerobic respiration (the seed requires large amounts of ATP in order to develop) |
Why does a seed require water for germination? | to metabolically activate the seed (triggers the synthesis of gibberellin) |
Why does a seed require temperature for germination? | seeds require certain temperature conditions in order to sprout (for optimal function of enzymes) |
Why does a seed require pH for germination? | seeds require a suitable soil pH in order to sprout (for optimal function of enzymes) |
Why might some plant species require fire as a condition for germination? | some seeds will only sprout after exposure to intense heat (e.g. after bushfires remove established flora) |
Why might some plant species require freezing as a condition for germination? | some seeds will only sprout after periods of intense cold (e.g. in spring, following the winter snows) |
Why might some plant species require digestion as a condition for germination? | some seeds require prior animal digestion to erode the seed coat before the seed will sprout |
Why might some plant species require washing as a condition for germination? | some seeds may be covered with inhibitors and will only sprout after being washed to remove the inhibitors |
Why might some plant species require scarification as a condition for germination? | seeds are more likely to germinate if the seed coat is weakened from physical damage |
How can experiments be developed to test germination? | Experiments can be developed using any of these factors as an independent variable |
How can germination be measured? | Germination can be measured by the rate of seed growth over a set period of time |