Back to AI Flashcard MakerBiology /Biology IB HL - D1 Human Nutrition Part 4
What are examples of minerals?
Minerals include calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), iron (Fe), phosphorus (P), sodium (Na), potassium (K) and chlorine (Cl)
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Key Terms
Term
Definition
What are examples of minerals?
Minerals include calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), iron (Fe), phosphorus (P), sodium (Na), potassium (K) and chlorine (Cl)
What is the use of Ca, P, Mg?
Major constituents of structures such as teeth and bones (e.g. Ca, P, Mg)
What is the use of Na, K, Cl?
Important components of body fluids (e.g. Na, K, Cl)
What is the use of Na, K, Cl?
Important components of body fluids (e.g. Na, K, Cl)
What is the use of Fe, P, I?
Cofactors for specific enzymes or components of proteins and hormones (e.g. Fe, P, I)
What will happen if there is a deficiency in one or more minerals?
A deficiency in one or more dietary mineral can result in a disorder (e.g. lack of calcium can affect bone mineralisation)
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| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
What are examples of minerals? | Minerals include calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), iron (Fe), phosphorus (P), sodium (Na), potassium (K) and chlorine (Cl) |
What is the use of Ca, P, Mg? | Major constituents of structures such as teeth and bones (e.g. Ca, P, Mg) |
What is the use of Na, K, Cl? | Important components of body fluids (e.g. Na, K, Cl) |
What is the use of Na, K, Cl? | Important components of body fluids (e.g. Na, K, Cl) |
What is the use of Fe, P, I? | Cofactors for specific enzymes or components of proteins and hormones (e.g. Fe, P, I) |
What will happen if there is a deficiency in one or more minerals? | A deficiency in one or more dietary mineral can result in a disorder (e.g. lack of calcium can affect bone mineralisation) |
Apart from animals, what organism requires minerals? | Minerals are also important in plant development, making fruits and vegetables a good source of certain dietary minerals |
What is the role of magnesium in plants? | Magnesium is an important component of chlorophyll (required for photosynthesis) |
What is the role of potassium in plants? | Potassium is an inorganic salt found within the sap of a plant (maintains water potential) |
What is the role of calcium in plants? | Calcium is important for plant root and shoot elongation |
What controls appetite? | Appetite is controlled by hormones produced in the pancreas, stomach, intestines and adipose tissue |
Where are the hormones secreted by organs involved in appetite control sent? | These hormones send messages to the appetite control centre of the brain (within the hypothalamus) |
What will hormonal signals trigger? | Hormonal signals will either trigger a feeling of hunger (promote feasting) or satiety (promote fasting) |
What 3 organs can release hormones involved in appetite? | stomach; adipose tissue; pancread; |
How does the stomach release appetite hormones? | Stretch receptors in the stomach and intestine become activated when ingested food distends these organs |
How does the adipose tissue release appetite hormones? | Adipose tissue releases hormones in response to fat storage |
How does the pancreas release appetite hormones? | The pancreas will release hormones in response to changes in blood sugar concentrations |
What can hormones (related to appetite) do? (basic) | Hormones will either stimulate or inhibit the appetite control centre to promote sensations of hunger or satiety |
What hormones trigger a hunger response? | Hormones that trigger a hunger response include ghrelin (from stomach) and glucagon (from pancreas) |
What hormones trigger a satiety response>? | Hormones that trigger a satiety response include leptin (from adipose tissue) and CCK (from intestine) |
What can change in diet/ appetite control result in? | Changes in diet and appetite control may result in individuals over-indulging or under-indulging during meals |
What will happen in individuals who overeat? | Individuals who overeat are likely to gain weight and develop obesity-related illnesses |
What will happen in individuals who undereat? | Individuals who undereat are likely to lose weight and exhibit starvation symptoms |
What is clinical obesity? | Clinical obesity (BMI > 30) describes a significant excess in body fat |
What 2 factors cause obesity? | Increased energy intake | Decreased energy expenditure |