How many testicular lobules are present in each testis?
250
Key Terms
How many testicular lobules are present in each testis?
250
How many seminiferous tubules are present in each testicular lobule?
1 to 3
What lines the inside of the seminiferous tubules in humans?
Male germ cells and sertoli cells
Male germ cells in humans are called
Spermatogonia
Name the ducts of reproductive system of human males in order from seminiferous tubules to ejaculatory duct.
Seminiferous tubules -> Rete testis -> vasa efferentia -> epididymis -> vas diferens -> ejaculatory duct
Secretions of which glands help in lubrication of penis?
Bulbourethral gland
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| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
How many testicular lobules are present in each testis? | 250 |
How many seminiferous tubules are present in each testicular lobule? | 1 to 3 |
What lines the inside of the seminiferous tubules in humans? | Male germ cells and sertoli cells |
Male germ cells in humans are called | Spermatogonia |
Name the ducts of reproductive system of human males in order from seminiferous tubules to ejaculatory duct. | Seminiferous tubules -> Rete testis -> vasa efferentia -> epididymis -> vas diferens -> ejaculatory duct |
Secretions of which glands help in lubrication of penis? | Bulbourethral gland |
What is the length of a human ovary? | 2 to 4 cm |
Each ovary is covered by a thin epithelium. True/false? | True |
Name the female accessory ducts. | Oviducts, uterus and vagina |
The uterus is pear shaped. True/false? | False. The uterus is inverted pear shaped. |
How is the uterus (in human females) attached to the pelvic wall? | Through ligaments |
Name the layers of uterine wall. | Outer perimetrium Middle myometrium Inner endometrium |
The cushion of fatty tissue covered by skin and pubic hair in the reproductive system of human females is called | Mons pubis |
What are the fleshy folds which extend down from mons pubis and surround the vagina called? | Labia majora |
How many mammary lobes are present in each mammary gland? | 15-20 |
The alveoli of mammary glands open into | Mammary tubules |
Mammary duct in mammary gland is formed by | All the mammary tubules of each lobe |
What do the mammary ducts of mammary gland join and form? | Mammary ampulla |
Secondary spermatocytes in males undergo equational division to form | Spermatids |
What is the process of transformation of spermatids to spermatozoa called? | Spermiogenesis |
What is spermiation? | It is the process of release of spermatozoa from the seminiferous tubule. |
Luteinising hormone in males acts on which cells? What are these cells stimulated to do? | LH acts on Leydig cells and stimulates synthesis and secretion of androgens. |
Which process do the androgens in male regulate? | Spermatogenesis |
FSH in males acts on which cells? What are these cells stimulated to do? | FSH acts on sertoli cells and stimulates the secretion of factors which help in spermiogenesis |
How many sperms are produced by human males during coitus? | 200 to 300 million sperms |
For normal fertility, what percentage of total sperms released by males during coitus must have normal shape and size? | 60% |
For normal fertility, what percentage of total sperms released by males during coitus must show vigorous motility? | 40% |
Secretions of which ducts are important for maturation and motility of sperms in humans? | Epididymis, vas deferens, seminal vesicles, and prostrate |
How many oogonia are formed in each fetal ovary? | Couple of million |
At which stage are the primary oocyte (in human females) arrested? | Diplotene stage of Prophase I |
How many primary follicles are left in each ovary at birth? | 60,000- 80,000 |
Which oocyte does a secondary follicle have? | Primary oocyte |
Antrum is present in which follicle in a human female? | Tertiary follicle |
Inside which follicle does the primary oocyte in females complete its first meiotic division? | tertiary follicle |
How many blastomeres does the morula have? | 8 to 16 |
WHat forms chorionic villi? | Trophoblast layer of blastocyst |
The levels of cortisol and thyroxine are high during preganancy. True/false? | True |
Foetus develops forelimbs by which month of pregnancy? | Second month |
By which month of pregnancy do the eyelids separate? | 6th month |
By which month of pregnancy is the body covered with fine hair? | 6th month |
What is nidation? | Implantation (of blastocyst) |
In which month of pregnancy do the testis of foetus descend into scrotum? | 7th month |
Where are testis formed in humans? | Abdominal cavity |
How do the testis descend from abdominal cavity into scrotum? | Through inguinal canal |
What connects the lower end of testis to scrotal wall? | Gubernaculum |
Are both testis in males present on the same level? | No, left testis is lower than right testis. |
What carries blood vessels, nerves, lymphatics and vas deferens inside inguinal canal? | Spermatic cord |
Name the muscle present in scrotum? | Dartos and cremaster muscle |
How do the dartos and cremaster muscles maintain the temperature of scrotum in winter? | Dartos- contracts and causes wrinkling of scrotal skin | Cremaster- Contracts and pulls scrotum towards abdomen |
Where is testis located in elephants? | Inside abdominal cavity |
Where is testis located in whales? | Inside abdominal cavity |
What is the outermost double layer peritonium called in testis? | Tunica vaginalis |
What is the white fibrous connective tissue surrounding the testis called? | Tunica albuginea |
Testicular septa are formed by | Invaginations of tunica albuginea |
What is the innermost, highly vascular layer that surrounds the testicular lobules in testis called? | Testicular vasculosa |
What is the straight part of seminiferous tubules called? | Tubuli recti |
The structure formed by the fusion of tubuli recti is called | Rete testis |
How many vasa efferentia are present in a testis? | 12-15 |
Where do sperms mature? | Cauda epididymis |
Intra-testicular duct system in humans includes? | Tubuli recti Rete testis Vasa efferentia |
What is the failure of descent of testis into scrotum called? | Cryptorchidism |
Monorchidism is observed in which animal? | Ascaris |
Which is the most coiled part of epididymis? | Caput epididymis |
How long does the epididymis store sperms? | from one to two weeks upto one months |
What is the function of stereocilia in epididymis? | Absorption of fluid in caput |
What does the epididymis in humans develop from? | Mesonephric/wolffian duct |
What does the seminal vesicle in humans develop from? | Mesonephric/wolffian duct |
Fibrinogen is present in which male reproductive gland's secretions? | Seminal vesicles |
Can semen clot? | Yes |
Are citrate ions present in semen? | Yes |
Where are cowper's glands located? | In the membranous urethra |
Where do the cowper's glands open? | In the penile urethra |
Pre-ejaculatory fluid in males is formed by | Cowper's glands |
Which glands are present on the prepuce of the penis? | Tyson's glands |
What is the function of tyson's glands? | Lubricated glans penis with their secretions |
What is the secretion of tyson's gland called? | Smegma |
What signals the erection of penis? | Nitric oxide |
Which somatic nervous system controls the erection of penis? | Parasympathetic nervous system |
Which somatic nervous system controls ejaculation? | Sympathetic nervous system |
What percent of secretions in semen are of prostate gland? | 20-30% |
What is the quantity of semen ejected per intercourse? | 2-3 ml |
Male germ cells in testis are formed from | Mesoderm of yolk sac |
WHen do the male germ cells migrate into gonads in humans? | 5th week of pregnancy |
When do the gonads differentiate into testis and ovary in foetus? | 8th week of pregnancy |
Sustentacular cells in testis are also called | Sertoli cells |
What type of epithelium is germinal epithelium of seminiferous tubules? | Columnar epithelium |
Which cells phagocitise dead sperms? | Sertoli cells |
What protects the sperms from body's immune system? | Sertoli cell barrier (blood testis barrier) |
Which hormones are secreted by sertoli cells? | Androgen binding protein Inhibin Mullerian inhibitory/ anti mullerian hormone |
Which hormone concentrates testosterone in seminiferous tubules? | Androgen binding protein |
What is the function of inhibin secreted by sertoli cells? | Inhibits FSH |
What is the function of mullerian inhibitory hormone? | It inhibits mullerian duct in embryonic life |
When does the luminal part of seminiferous tubule form? | At puberty |
What are the phases of spermatogenesis? | Multiplication phase Growth phase Maturation phase Spermiogenesis |
What happens in the multiplication phase of spermatogenesis? | Mitosis of spermatogonia |
What happens in the maturation phase of spermatogenesis? | Meiosis of primary spermatocytes leading to the formation of spermatids |
How many days does it take on average to form mature sperms? | 74 days |
Are sperms of all animals flagellated? | Yes (exception- Ascaris) |
Which is the smallest part of a sperm? | Neck |
Which part of sperm contains sperm lysins? | Acrosome |