What type of sperm lysin is present in sperms?
Hyaluronidase
Key Terms
What type of sperm lysin is present in sperms?
Hyaluronidase
What is the difference between the proteins found in normal human cell when compared to sperm?
Sperm has no histone proteins but other cells do.
How many centrioles are present in a sperm?
2
What is the function of proximal centriole in sperms?
Role in first cleavage
What is the function of distal centriole in sperms?
Forms basal body for axoneme
How many mitochondria are present in sperms?
20-25
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| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
What type of sperm lysin is present in sperms? | Hyaluronidase |
What is the difference between the proteins found in normal human cell when compared to sperm? | Sperm has no histone proteins but other cells do. |
How many centrioles are present in a sperm? | 2 |
What is the function of proximal centriole in sperms? | Role in first cleavage |
What is the function of distal centriole in sperms? | Forms basal body for axoneme |
How many mitochondria are present in sperms? | 20-25 |
How are mitochondria arranged in a sperm? | They are spirally arranged around axoneme |
What is the arrangement of microtubules found in flagella of sperms? | 9+2 |
WHat is the sheath of middle piece of sperm called? | Manchette |
What is andropause? | Reduced secretion of testosterone in aging males (50+) |
What is aspermia? | Semen is not produced |
What is azospermia? | Semen does not contain sperms |
What is oligospermia? | Sperm count below 15-20 million sperm per milliliter (mL) |
What is inguinal hermia? | Passage of dislocated intestine though inguinal canal |
Name the female reproductive glands? | Mammary glands, bartholian gland, skene gland |
What attaches ovary to uterus? | Ovarian ligament |
What attaches ovary to body wall? | Mesovarium |
What kind of tissue is the stroma of ovary? | Fibrous connective tissue |
IN which portion of stroma of ovary are the different follicles present? | Cortex |
What are salpinges? | Fallopian tube |
Which is the widest and longest part of fallopian tube? | Ampulla |
Which is the smallest part of fallopian tube? | Interstitium/intramural part |
What is the length of fallopian tube? | 10-12 cm |
What is the fallopian tube called in non mammalian vertebrates? | Oviduct |
What are the non ciliated cells present in fallopian tube called? | Peg cells |
What is the function of peg cells of fallopian tube? | Secrete tubular fluid to nourish sperms/eggs/zygote |
Is the uterus situated in front of the rectum or behind? | Behind |
Is the uterus situated in front of the urinary bladder or behind? | Front |
How is the uterus positioned in humans? | Anteverted |
Do humans have simplex uterus? | Yes |
How many sphincters are present in the cervix? | Internal os, external os |
Which is the strongest and most powerful sphinctre of the body? | External os of cervix of females |
Which muscles are present in the myometrium of uterus? | Circular, longitudinal and oblique |
What tissues is the endometrium made of? | Columnar epithelium |
What are the two layers of endometrium of uterus? | Stratum basalis | Stratum functionalis |
What type of blood vessels are present in stratum basalis of endometrium of uterus? | Straight blood vessels |
What type of blood vessels are present in stratum functionalis of endometrium of uterus? | Tortuous blood vessels |
How does progesterone change tubular glands of endometrium of uterus? | Makes the corckscrew shaped |
What secretes uterine milk in humans? | Corkscrew shaped tubular glands present in stratum functionalis of endometrium of uterus |
What nourishes the young embryo prior to implantation in humans? | Uterine milk |
Which layer of endometrium sheds during menstruation? | Stratum functionalis |
Name the layers of decidua. | Decidua peritalis Decidua placentalis/basalis Decidua capsularis |
Which layer of decidua has no connection with embryo? | Decidua parietalis |
Which layer of decidua contributes to placenta formation? | Decidua placentalis |
Which layer of decidua surround embryo from all sides till 26 weeks of pregnancy? | Decidua capsularis |
Name the glands present in vagina. | None |
Which bacteria form the natural mincroflora of vagina? | Lactobacillus |
What are the transverse mucosal fold of vagina called? | Vaginal rugae |
How many openings does the vestibule of vagina have? | Urethral and vaginal opening |
What forms the prepuce in human females | Anterior tip of labia minora, cover the clitoris |
Where is the clitoris present in females? | At the anterior tip of labia minora |
What is fourchette? | Fold of skin formed at posterior junction of labia minora |
Where are bartholin glands located in females? | One on each side of vaginal orifice |
What are the functions of secretions of bartholin glands? | Lubricate vagina, reduce acidity |
Which glands are located around urethral opening in females? | Glands of skene |
Labia majora in females is homologous to which organ of males? | Scrotum |
Labia minora in females is homologous to which organ of males? | Penile urethra |
Clitoris in females is homologous to which organ of males? | Penis |
Bartholin gland in females is homologous to which organ of males? | Cowper's glands |
Glands of skeme in females is homologous to which organ of males? | Prostrate gland |
Mammary glands are modified | sweat glands |
Which ligaments suspends mammary glands? | Cooper's ligaments |
What is the function of areolar glands on breasts? | Keep the nipple moist |
Areolar glands around areola on mammary glands are modified | Sebaceous glands |
Which hormone leads to the development of breasts in human females? | Estrogen |
Which hormone stimulates the proliferation of milk alveoli in breasts? | Progesterone |
Which hormone is known as the milk let down hormone? | Oxytocin |
Which hormone leads to the production of milk during pregnancy? | Human placental lactogen |
In which month of pregnancy does oogenesis start? | 2nd month |
What is the primary oocyte surrounded by in primordial follicle in ovary? | One layer of squamous stromal cells |
What is the primary oocyte surrounded by in primary follicle in ovary? | One layer of cuboidal stromal cells |
WHat is the primary oocyte surrounded by in secondary follicle in ovary? | Multiple layers of granulosa cell which get surrounded by theca |
How many eggs develop into secondary follicles in humans? | 450 |
What is the zona pellucida in tertiary follicle made of ? | Glycoproteins |
What secretes the zona pellucida in tertiary follicle? | Secondary oocyte |
WHat is the fluid inside antrum in tertiary follicle called | Liquor follicula |
What is the theca externa of secondary oocyte made of? | Fibrous layer |
Which layer of theca of secondary oocyte has LH receptors? | Theca interna |
What is the function of aromatase enzyme on theca interna? | Causes conversion of androgen to estrogen |
What divides the granulosa cells of graafian follicle in two clusters of cells? What are these clusters called? | Antrum 1) cumulus oophorus- surrounds the secondary oocyte 2) Membrane granulosa |
What is germ hill in graafian follicle? | Granulosa cells which connect secondary oocyte with wall of follicle |
What is corona radiata of graafian follicle? | Innermost layer of cumulus oophorous surrounding the zona pellucida |
What are released from graafian follicle during ovulation? | Secondary oocyte, zona pellucida and corona radiata |
What is the structure left after rupture of graafian follicle and ovulation called? | Corpora haemorrhagicum |
What is the difference between corpus albicans and corpus luteum? | Corpus luteum- yellow and glandular | Corpus albicans- white and non glandular |
In which stage does the secondary oocyte get arrested? | Metaphase II |
What are the different phases of oogensis and what do the entail? | Multiplication phase- formation of primary oocyte from oogonia Growth phase- primary oocyte arrested Maturation phase- meiosis I and II of primary oocyte |
How long does the multiplication phase of oogenesis last? | 5 months |
How many primary oocytes turn into secondary oocytes every month? | 1 |
Which cells release androgens in females? | Theca interna cells of secondary oocyte |
Which hormones are responsible for the uterine changes in menstruation cycle | Estrogen and progesterone |
Which hormones are responsible for the ovarian chagnes in menstrual cycle? | FSH and LH |
Can menstrual blood clot? | No. |
On which day of menstrual cycle does ovulation occur? | day 14th |
On which day of menstrual cycle does the corpus luteum begin to degenerate? | 25th day |
Around which day of menstrual cycle does estrogen peak occur? | Day 12 to 14 |
Around which day of menstrual cycle does progesterone peak occur? | Day 21 |
What are the phases of estrous cycle? | Pro extrous phase Estrous phase Metaextrous phase Diestrous phase |
In which phase does ovulation occur in estrous cycle? | Estrous phase |
In which phase of estrous cycle is corpus luteum formed? | Meta-estrous phase |