Back to AI Flashcard MakerBiology /Biology NEET - XII: Chapter 3- Human reproduction Part 2

Biology NEET - XII: Chapter 3- Human reproduction Part 2

Biology100 CardsCreated 2 months ago

Each lobule houses 1 to 3 coiled seminiferous tubules, where spermatogenesis (sperm formation) occurs.

What type of sperm lysin is present in sperms?

Hyaluronidase

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Key Terms

Term
Definition

What type of sperm lysin is present in sperms?

Hyaluronidase

What is the difference between the proteins found in normal human cell when compared to sperm?

Sperm has no histone proteins but other cells do.

How many centrioles are present in a sperm?

2

What is the function of proximal centriole in sperms?

Role in first cleavage

What is the function of distal centriole in sperms?

Forms basal body for axoneme

How many mitochondria are present in sperms?

20-25

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TermDefinition

What type of sperm lysin is present in sperms?

Hyaluronidase

What is the difference between the proteins found in normal human cell when compared to sperm?

Sperm has no histone proteins but other cells do.

How many centrioles are present in a sperm?

2

What is the function of proximal centriole in sperms?

Role in first cleavage

What is the function of distal centriole in sperms?

Forms basal body for axoneme

How many mitochondria are present in sperms?

20-25

How are mitochondria arranged in a sperm?

They are spirally arranged around axoneme

What is the arrangement of microtubules found in flagella of sperms?

9+2

WHat is the sheath of middle piece of sperm called?

Manchette

What is andropause?

Reduced secretion of testosterone in aging males (50+)

What is aspermia?

Semen is not produced

What is azospermia?

Semen does not contain sperms

What is oligospermia?

Sperm count below 15-20 million sperm per milliliter (mL)

What is inguinal hermia?

Passage of dislocated intestine though inguinal canal

Name the female reproductive glands?

Mammary glands, bartholian gland, skene gland

What attaches ovary to uterus?

Ovarian ligament

What attaches ovary to body wall?

Mesovarium

What kind of tissue is the stroma of ovary?

Fibrous connective tissue

IN which portion of stroma of ovary are the different follicles present?

Cortex

What are salpinges?

Fallopian tube

Which is the widest and longest part of fallopian tube?

Ampulla

Which is the smallest part of fallopian tube?

Interstitium/intramural part

What is the length of fallopian tube?

10-12 cm

What is the fallopian tube called in non mammalian vertebrates?

Oviduct

What are the non ciliated cells present in fallopian tube called?

Peg cells

What is the function of peg cells of fallopian tube?

Secrete tubular fluid to nourish sperms/eggs/zygote

Is the uterus situated in front of the rectum or behind?

Behind

Is the uterus situated in front of the urinary bladder or behind?

Front

How is the uterus positioned in humans?

Anteverted

Do humans have simplex uterus?

Yes

How many sphincters are present in the cervix?

Internal os, external os

Which is the strongest and most powerful sphinctre of the body?

External os of cervix of females

Which muscles are present in the myometrium of uterus?

Circular, longitudinal and oblique

What tissues is the endometrium made of?

Columnar epithelium

What are the two layers of endometrium of uterus?

Stratum basalis

| Stratum functionalis

What type of blood vessels are present in stratum basalis of endometrium of uterus?

Straight blood vessels

What type of blood vessels are present in stratum functionalis of endometrium of uterus?

Tortuous blood vessels

How does progesterone change tubular glands of endometrium of uterus?

Makes the corckscrew shaped

What secretes uterine milk in humans?

Corkscrew shaped tubular glands present in stratum functionalis of endometrium of uterus

What nourishes the young embryo prior to implantation in humans?

Uterine milk

Which layer of endometrium sheds during menstruation?

Stratum functionalis

Name the layers of decidua.

Decidua peritalis

Decidua placentalis/basalis

Decidua capsularis

Which layer of decidua has no connection with embryo?

Decidua parietalis

Which layer of decidua contributes to placenta formation?

Decidua placentalis

Which layer of decidua surround embryo from all sides till 26 weeks of pregnancy?

Decidua capsularis

Name the glands present in vagina.

None

Which bacteria form the natural mincroflora of vagina?

Lactobacillus

What are the transverse mucosal fold of vagina called?

Vaginal rugae

How many openings does the vestibule of vagina have?

Urethral and vaginal opening

What forms the prepuce in human females

Anterior tip of labia minora, cover the clitoris

Where is the clitoris present in females?

At the anterior tip of labia minora

What is fourchette?

Fold of skin formed at posterior junction of labia minora

Where are bartholin glands located in females?

One on each side of vaginal orifice

What are the functions of secretions of bartholin glands?

Lubricate vagina, reduce acidity

Which glands are located around urethral opening in females?

Glands of skene

Labia majora in females is homologous to which organ of males?

Scrotum

Labia minora in females is homologous to which organ of males?

Penile urethra

Clitoris in females is homologous to which organ of males?

Penis

Bartholin gland in females is homologous to which organ of males?

Cowper's glands

Glands of skeme in females is homologous to which organ of males?

Prostrate gland

Mammary glands are modified

sweat glands

Which ligaments suspends mammary glands?

Cooper's ligaments

What is the function of areolar glands on breasts?

Keep the nipple moist

Areolar glands around areola on mammary glands are modified

Sebaceous glands

Which hormone leads to the development of breasts in human females?

Estrogen

Which hormone stimulates the proliferation of milk alveoli in breasts?

Progesterone

Which hormone is known as the milk let down hormone?

Oxytocin

Which hormone leads to the production of milk during pregnancy?

Human placental lactogen

In which month of pregnancy does oogenesis start?

2nd month

What is the primary oocyte surrounded by in primordial follicle in ovary?

One layer of squamous stromal cells

What is the primary oocyte surrounded by in primary follicle in ovary?

One layer of cuboidal stromal cells

WHat is the primary oocyte surrounded by in secondary follicle in ovary?

Multiple layers of granulosa cell which get surrounded by theca

How many eggs develop into secondary follicles in humans?

450

What is the zona pellucida in tertiary follicle made of ?

Glycoproteins

What secretes the zona pellucida in tertiary follicle?

Secondary oocyte

WHat is the fluid inside antrum in tertiary follicle called

Liquor follicula

What is the theca externa of secondary oocyte made of?

Fibrous layer

Which layer of theca of secondary oocyte has LH receptors?

Theca interna

What is the function of aromatase enzyme on theca interna?

Causes conversion of androgen to estrogen

What divides the granulosa cells of graafian follicle in two clusters of cells? What are these clusters called?

Antrum

1) cumulus oophorus- surrounds the secondary oocyte

2) Membrane granulosa

What is germ hill in graafian follicle?

Granulosa cells which connect secondary oocyte with wall of follicle

What is corona radiata of graafian follicle?

Innermost layer of cumulus oophorous surrounding the zona pellucida

What are released from graafian follicle during ovulation?

Secondary oocyte, zona pellucida and corona radiata

What is the structure left after rupture of graafian follicle and ovulation called?

Corpora haemorrhagicum

What is the difference between corpus albicans and corpus luteum?

Corpus luteum- yellow and glandular

| Corpus albicans- white and non glandular

In which stage does the secondary oocyte get arrested?

Metaphase II

What are the different phases of oogensis and what do the entail?

Multiplication phase- formation of primary oocyte from oogonia

Growth phase- primary oocyte arrested

Maturation phase- meiosis I and II of primary oocyte

How long does the multiplication phase of oogenesis last?

5 months

How many primary oocytes turn into secondary oocytes every month?

1

Which cells release androgens in females?

Theca interna cells of secondary oocyte

Which hormones are responsible for the uterine changes in menstruation cycle

Estrogen and progesterone

Which hormones are responsible for the ovarian chagnes in menstrual cycle?

FSH and LH

Can menstrual blood clot?

No.

On which day of menstrual cycle does ovulation occur?

day 14th

On which day of menstrual cycle does the corpus luteum begin to degenerate?

25th day

Around which day of menstrual cycle does estrogen peak occur?

Day 12 to 14

Around which day of menstrual cycle does progesterone peak occur?

Day 21

What are the phases of estrous cycle?

Pro extrous phase

Estrous phase

Metaextrous phase

Diestrous phase

In which phase does ovulation occur in estrous cycle?

Estrous phase

In which phase of estrous cycle is corpus luteum formed?

Meta-estrous phase