Biology NEET - XII: Chapter 6- Molecular Basis of Inheritance Part 2
Deoxyguanosine is a nucleoside, which consists of the nitrogenous base guanine attached to a deoxyribose sugar. It is a building block of DNA, and when a phosphate group is added, it forms the nucleotide deoxyguanosine monophosphate (dGMP).
How many loops does the clover leaf model of tRNA have?
3
Key Terms
How many loops does the clover leaf model of tRNA have?
3
How many arms does the clover leaf model of tRNA have?
5
Which is the largest loop of clover leaf model of tRNA?
DHU loop
What is the function of DHU loop of clover leaf model of tRNA?
Binding aminoacyl tRNA synthetase
How many N-bases are present in DHU loop of clover leaf model of tRNA?
8to 10
How many N-bases are present in TΨC loop of clover leaf model of tRNA?
7 N bases
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| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
How many loops does the clover leaf model of tRNA have? | 3 |
How many arms does the clover leaf model of tRNA have? | 5 |
Which is the largest loop of clover leaf model of tRNA? | DHU loop |
What is the function of DHU loop of clover leaf model of tRNA? | Binding aminoacyl tRNA synthetase |
How many N-bases are present in DHU loop of clover leaf model of tRNA? | 8to 10 |
How many N-bases are present in TΨC loop of clover leaf model of tRNA? | 7 N bases |
WHat is the function of TΨC loop of clover leaf model of tRNA? | Helps in binding two ribosomal subunits during photosynthesis |
Is the short variable arm present in all tRNA? | No |
Where is the CCA sequence present in tRNA? | On amino acid attachment site's 3' end. |
WHere does the amino acid bind in tRNA? | The amino acid loaded onto the tRNA by aminoacyl tRNA synthetases, to form aminoacyl-tRNA, is covalently bonded to the 3'-hydroxyl group on the CCA tail. |
If recombination occurs in a cistron it is called | Recon |
If mutation occus in a cistron it is called | Muton |
Double stranded RNA is found in which viruses? | Reovirus, wound tumour virus |
What is the function of small nuclear RNA? | Splicing |
How many ori do prokaryotes have? | One |
Eukaryotes have many ori in their DNA. True/false? | True |
Which enzyme opens the DNA to form a replication fork? | Helicase |
What prevent the replication fork of DNA from closing? | Single stranded binding proteins |
Which enzyme is called DNA gyrase in prokaryotes? | Topoisomerase |
Which enzyme removes the coiling tension created by Helicase enzyme in DNA? | Topoisomerase |
What is the function of RNA primase in DNA replication? | It synthesises a small stretch of RNA at the free 3' end of the DNA strand |
What happens to the RNA primer synthesised by RNA primase during DNA replication? | It is converted into DNA by DNA polymerase II |
Which DNA polymerase synthesises the new DNA strand in 5' to 3' direction? | DNA polymerase III |
Which are the major and minor repair enzymes in DNA replication? | DNA Polymerase III | DNA polymerase II |
What are the fragments of DNA formed during DNA replication from lagging strand called? | Okazaki fragments |
What is the core subunit of RNA polymerase made of? | two alpha (2α), one beta (β), one beta prime (β') and one omega (ω) |
What is TATA box? | Sequence that is recognised by sigma factor (σ) during transcirption of DNA. |
What is the TATA box called in eukaryotes? WHat is its sequence? | Hogness box | TATAAAA… |
What is the homologue of TATA box in prokaryotes? What is its sequence? | Pribnow box | TATAAT… |
What is the size of TATA box? | 10bp to 30 bp |
What is the size of CAT box? | 40 bp to 70 bp |
What is CAT box? | Sequence that is recognised by sigma factor (σ) during transcirption of DNA. |
When RNA polymerase binds on the promoter region, DNA helix unwinds. The opened stretch of DNA is called | Transcription bubble |
Which is the sense strand of DNA? | The strand running in 5' -> 3' direction |
Where is mRNA modified post-transcriptionally? | Nucleoplasm |
Which was the first discovered codon? | UUU- phenylalanine |
The codon UUC codes for | Phenylalanine |
The codon CCC codes for | Proline |
The codon AAA codes for | Lysine |
The codon GGG codes for | Glycine |
The codon CUC codes for | Leucine |
The codon UGG codes for | Tryptophan |
Which amino acids are not degenerate in reference to the genetic code? | Tryptophan and methionin |
In yeast, UGA codes for | Tryptophan |
In the human mitochondria, which is the stop codon? | AGA and AGG |
What is transversion (point mutation)? | A purine base is replaced by a pyrimidine base and vie versa |
What is transition (point mutation)? | A purine base is replaced by another purine. OR A pyrimidine base is replaced by another pyrimidine base. |
How do UV rays cause mutations in genetic code? | Affects DNA by forming thymine dimers |
How do X rays cause mutations? | Deaminating, dehydroxylase nitrogenous bases forming peroxides and oxidise deoxyribose |
What is the wobble hypothesis? Who proposed it? | According to the wobble hypothesis, an amino acid is identified by the first two nitrogenous bases, and the third nitrogenous base of a codon is a wobble. It was proposed by Francis Crick. |
How many initiation factors are required in prokaryotes and eukaryotes for the initiation of translation? | Prokaryotes-3 | Eukaryotes- 9 |
What is called translation initiation complex? | rRNA-tRNA-mRNA complex |
Which enzymes link amino acids to their corresponding tRNA molecules? | Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases |
What are the functions of P site and A site of ribosome? | the P site holds the peptide chain and the A site accepts the tRNA. |
During elongation of peptide chain in translation, which molecule is hydrolysed for energy? | GTP |
During the charging of tRNA which molecule is hydrolysed as a source of energy? | ATP |
How many release factors (for translation) are present in prokaryotes and eukaryotes? | Prokaryotes- 2 | Eukaryotes- 1 |
What is an inducible operon? | Substrate has to be added to carry out protein synthesis |
What is a repressible operon? | In such operon, the substrate is added to stop the protein synthesis. |
The regulatory gene in inducible and repressible operons are represented by | Inducible- i | Repressible- r |
What is the example of repressible operon? | Tryp-operon |
What is the function of transacetylase enzyme? | Transfer acetyl group to β-galactosidase |
What is an aporepressor in reference to an operon? | It is a protein molecule that is synthesised by the regulatory gene which may bind to the operator and prevent the transcription. |
What is a corepressor in reference to an operon? | Non-protein part that attaches to the repressor protein, activates it and stimulates it to bind to the operator region to prevent transcription. |
Southern blotting is used for blotting which molecule? | DNA |
Northern blotting is used for blotting which molecule? | RNA |
Western blotting is used for blotting which molecule? | Proteins |
Eastern blotting is used for blotting which molecule? | There is nothing like eastern blotting (Different types of blotting include- Northern, Southern and Western blotting) |
What is the principle of DNA fingerprinting? | RFLP- restriction fragment length polymorphisim |
What is the length of minisatellite (in DNA)? | 11-60 bp repeating upto 100 times |
What is the length of microsatellite (in DNA)? | 5-6 bp repeating upto 10 - 100 times |
What is the science of matching the prints of fingers, thumbs, toes and skin called? | Dermatoglyphics |
Which is the smallest gene in human genome? | Testis determining factor on Y-chromosome |