Biology NEET - XII: Chapter 7 - Evolution
The Earth was formed approximately 4.5 billion years ago through the gradual accumulation of cosmic dust and gas. This marked the beginning of the planet’s geological history and set the stage for the origin of life around a billion years later.
When was the Earth formed?
4.5 billion years ago
Key Terms
When was the Earth formed?
4.5 billion years ago
Which gases covered the surface of earth upon its formation?
Water vapour, methane, carbon dioxide and ammonia
What was the theory of spontaneous generation / abiogenesis?
Life came out of decaying and rotting matter
What was the temperature of closed flask in Miller’s experiment?
800 °C
Which gases were added in the flask in Miller’s experiment?
Methane, hydrogen, water vapours and ammonia
Which compound did Miller first observe in his experiment?
Amino acids (GAGA- glycine, alanine, glutamate, aspartate)
Related Flashcard Decks
Study Tips
- Press F to enter focus mode for distraction-free studying
- Review cards regularly to improve retention
- Try to recall the answer before flipping the card
- Share this deck with friends to study together
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
When was the Earth formed? | 4.5 billion years ago |
Which gases covered the surface of earth upon its formation? | Water vapour, methane, carbon dioxide and ammonia |
What was the theory of spontaneous generation / abiogenesis? | Life came out of decaying and rotting matter |
What was the temperature of closed flask in Miller’s experiment? | 800 °C |
Which gases were added in the flask in Miller’s experiment? | Methane, hydrogen, water vapours and ammonia |
Which compound did Miller first observe in his experiment? | Amino acids (GAGA- glycine, alanine, glutamate, aspartate) |
Which compounds were obtained from Miller’s experiment? | Amino acids, sugars, nitrogen bases, pigments and fats |
What would the first non cellular life forms have been? | Giant molecules like RNA, proteins, polysaccarides, etc |
When did the first cellular life form probably originate? | 2 billion years ago |
What was the name of Darwin’s voyage ship? | H.M.S. Beagle |
Fitness is the end result of the ability to adapt and get selected by nature. True/false? | True |
Which scientist provided embryological support for evolution? | Ernst Heckel |
Who disproved the embryological support for evolution? | Karl von Baer |
Divergent structures are also called | Homologous |
Vertebrate hearts are examples of analogy. True/false? | False. Vertebrate hearts are examples of homology. |
The eyes of octopus and humans are examples of analogy. True/false | True |
Flipper of dolphins and penguins are homologous organs. True/false? | False. Flippers of dolphins and penguins are analogous organs. |
Is evolution a directed process in the sense of determinism? | No |
Which was the original finch on Galapagos island? | Seed-eating finch |
When more than one adaptive radiations have occurred in an isolated geographical area, it is called | Convergent evolution |
Placental wolf and Tasmanian wolf show convergent evolution. True or false? | True |
What are the two key concept of Darwinian Theory of Evolution? | Branching descent and natural selection |
Which organism did Hugo deVries experiment on to bring forth the idea of mutations? | Evening primrose |
How many factors are known to affect genetic equilibrium? Name them. | Five factors- Genetic drift Mutation genetic recombination Natural selection Gene migration/gene flow |
If gene migration occurs multiple times, it is called | Gene flow |
If gene flow occurs by chance, it is called | Genetic drift |
Around what time were invertebrates formed and active? | 500 mya |
Around what time did jaw-less fishes evlolve? | 350 mya |
Around what time did sea weeds originate? | 320 mya |
Which were the first organisms to invade the land? | Plants |
Which fishes evolved into amphibians? | Lobefishes |
Around what time did some reptiles go back to water and evolve into fish like reptiles- Icthyosaurs? | 200 mya |
What was the height of Tyrannosaurus rex? | 20 feet |
Around what time did dinosaurs disappear? | 65 mya |
Around what time did Dryopithecus and Ramapithecus exist? | 15mya |
Fossils found in Ethiopia and Tanzania revealed that human like primates were living around 3-4mya in Western Africa. True/false? | False. Fossils found in Ethiopia and Tanzania revealed that human like primates were living around 3-4mya in Eastern Africa. |
Australopithecines probably lived in Australian forests. True/false? | False. Australopithecines probably lived in East African grasslands. |
How did Australopithecines hunt and what did they eat? | Australopithecans hunted with stone weapons but essentially ate fruit. |
Which was the first human like hominid? | Homo habilis |
What was the brain capacity of Homo habilis? | 650-800cc |
Did Homo habilis eat meat? | Probably not |
When did Homo erectus appear? | 1.5 mya |
What was the brain capacity of Homo erectus? | 900 cc |
Did Homo erectus eat meat? | Probably |
What was the brain capacity of Neanderthal man? | 1400 cc |
Around which time did Neanderthal man exist? | 1,00,000-40,000 years ago |
When did Homo sapiens arise? | During ice age between 75,000 -10,000 years ago |
Around which time did pre-historic cave art develop? | 18,000 years ago |
Who gave the term evolution? | Herbert sanger |
When did universe originate according to big bang theory? | 20 billion years ago |
Which was the first organic compound on earth? | Methane |
When did the first eukaryotic cell originate? | 1.5 bya |
According to the theory of special creation, how old is the earth? | 4000 years old |
Which Italian scientists proved the theory of biogenesis? | Redi, Spallanzani |
Which scietist conducted the swan neck experiment? | Pasteur |
What was the voltage applied to flask in Urey-Miller experiment? | 75000 V |
What were the colloidal organic molecules discovered by Oparin called? | Coacervates |
What were the organic molecules discovered by Sydney Fox which showed budding called? | Microspheres |
Phylloclade of opuntia and leaves of other plants are examples of homology. True/false? | False. They are examples of analogy. |
Is canine tooth of humans vestigeal? | Yes |
Nipples in males are vestigeal. True/false? | True |
Rudimentary wings of flightless birds are vestigeal organs. True/false? | True |
What are the function of femur and pelvic girdle in python? | No function, they are vestigeal |
What is the maximum age of the fossils that can be detected by carbon dating? | 100000 years old |
Which is the most accurate fossil dating method? | Electron spin resonance theory |
Name all the eras in chronological order. | Archaeozoic era Proterozoic era Palaeozoic era Mesozoic era Coenozoic era |
Name the all the periods of Palaeozoic era in chronological order. | Cambian Ordovician Sillurian Devonian Carboniferous Permian |
Name all the periods of Mesozoic era in chronological order. | Triassic Jurassic Cretaceous |
Name the epochs of cenozoic era in chronological order (from oldest to recent). | Palaeocene Eocene Oligocene Milocene Pliocene Pleistocene Holocene |
Most modern phyla were established in which period of time? | Cambrian period of Paleozoic era |
In which period did fishes originate? | Ordovician period of Paleozoic era |
Which period is known as the golden age of fishes? | Devonian period of Paleozoic era |
In which period did amphibians evolve? | Devonian period of Paleozoic era |
Amphibians dominated the earth in which period? | Carboniferous period of Paleozoic era |
In which period did dinosaurs become extinct? | Cretaceous period of Mesozoic era |
Name all ancestors of present day horses in chronological order. | Eohippus Mesohippus Merychippus Pliohippus Equus (present day horse) |
What was the unit of evolution according to Darwin? | Species |
What is allopatric isolation? | Reproduction isolation due to geographical barrier |
What is sympatric isolation? | Reproductive isolation in the same geographical area but in different ecological niches. |
What is also called Sewall Wright's effect? | Genetic drift |
What is the difference between the browridge of apes and humans? | Apes- prominent browridge | Humans- less prominent browridge |
Which organisms were the common ancestors of apes and man? | Dryopithecus |
Which organism is considered as the connecting link between humans and apes? | Australopithecus |
Which organism first discovered fire? | Homo erectus |
Java man and Peking man belong to which species? | Homo erectus |
Which organism is the direct ancestor of modern humans? | Cro-magnon man (Homo sapiens fossilis) |