Biology NEET - XII: Chapter 8- Human Health and Diseases Part 1
William Harvey discovered the circulation of blood in the human body in the early 17th century. He demonstrated that the heart functions as a pump, circulating blood continuously through a closed system of arteries and veins.
Who discovered blood circulation?
William Harvey
Key Terms
Who discovered blood circulation?
William Harvey
Which test is used for the conformation of typhoid?
Widal test
Loss of appetite is the symptom of typhoid. True or false?
True
What happens in severe cases of pneumonia?
Lips and fingernails may turn gray to bluish in colour
Which viruses cause common cold?
Rhino viruses
Which part of the respiratory system do rhino viruses affect?
Nose and respiratory passage, but not lungs
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| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
Who discovered blood circulation? | William Harvey |
Which test is used for the conformation of typhoid? | Widal test |
Loss of appetite is the symptom of typhoid. True or false? | True |
What happens in severe cases of pneumonia? | Lips and fingernails may turn gray to bluish in colour |
Which viruses cause common cold? | Rhino viruses |
Which part of the respiratory system do rhino viruses affect? | Nose and respiratory passage, but not lungs |
Blockage of intestinal passage is the symptom of which disease? | Ascariasis |
Intestinal perforations are symptom of which disease? | Typhoid |
Which disease is caused by Epidermophyton? | Fungal infection |
Which disease is caused by microsporum? | Fungal infection |
Which disease is caused by Trichophyton? | Fungal infection |
Mucous coating of the epithelium forms which line of defence? | First line of defence (Physical barrier) |
What is meant by anamnestic response? | Secondary response of the immune system to a pathogen |
Humoral immune response of body means | Antibody mediated response |
Which lymphocyte mediate cell mediated immunity? | T lymphocytes |
Which lymphocyte mediate antibody mediated immunity? | B lymphocytes |
Hepatitis B vaccine is produced from | Yeast |
Which antibodies are produced during allergies? | IgE |
Which drugs are used to reduce the symptoms of allergy? | Antihistamine, adrenaline, steroids |
Where do lymphocytes differentiate into antigen-sensitive lymphocytes? | Primary lymphoid organs- bone marrow and thymus |
Where do lymphocytes become effector cells? | Secondary lymphoid organs |
Only thymus provides the microenvironment for development of T lymphocytes. True/false? | False. Both thymus and bone marrow provide the microenvironment for development of T lymphocytes |
The spleen mainly contains which cells? | Lymphocytes and phagocytes |
Where is mucosa associated lymphoid tissue present? | Along the lining of mucous tracts |
Which cells act like HIV factory of the body in case of HIV infection? | Macrophages |
Which method of diagnosis uses X-rays to create 3D image of the internals of an object? | CT |
MRI uses strong magnetic fields and ionising radiations to accurately detect pathological and physiological changes in the living tissue. True/false? | False. MRI uses strong magnetic fields and non-ionising radiations to accurately detect pathological and physiological changes in the living tissue. |
Why are alpha interferons administered to cancer patients? | Alpha interferons activate the immune system and helps in destroying tumor |
Where are opioid receptors present in our body? | In central nervous system and gastrointestinal tract |
how is heroin prepared from morphine? | Heroin is chemically diacetylmorphine and is prepared by acetylation of morphine. |
Is heroin a stimulant or depressant? | Depressant |
WHere are the cannabinoid receptors present in the body? | In the brain |
Which system of the body do cannibinoids affect? | Cardiovascular system |
Erythroxylum coca is native to | South America |
How does cocaine affect body? | It interferes with the transport of neurotransmitter dopamine. |
How is cocaine usually taken? | Snorted |
Does cocaine have a stimulant or depressant action on body? | Stimulant |
Can cocaine cause hallucination? | Yes |
Do datura or Atropa belladonna have hallucinogenic properties? | Yes |
Which drugs are commonly used by patients to cope up with mental illness? | Barbiturates, amphetamines, benzodiazepines |
Which organ does nicotine stimulate? | Adrenal gland |
Which diseases are called contagious? | Diseases which spread by direct contact |
Which bacterium is an exception to Koch's principles? | Mycobacterium leprae |
What is the causative organism of bubonic plague? | Yersinia pestis |
What is the incubation period of bubonic plague? | 2-5 days |
How is bubonic plague tested? | Wayson stain test |
What is the incubation period of cholera? | 2-5 days |
White rice water like loose motions are the symptoms of | Cholera |
Which organ does Vibrio cholerae infect? | Intestine |
Is causative organism of bubonic plague motile? | No |
Is causative organism of diphtheria motile? | No |
What is the incubation period of diphtheria? | 2-5 days |
Schick test is used for | Diphtheria |
What is the incubation period of leprosy? | 2-5 years |
What are the symptoms of leprosy? | Hypopigmented skin, loss of sensation in affected area, rashes deformity of digits |
Hansen's disease is commonly known as | Leprosy |
How is leprosy diagnosed? | Lepromin test |
Name the causative organism of Pertusis? | Bordetella pertussis |
Pertussis is commonly known as | Whooping cough |
What is the incubation period of whooping cough? | 10-15 days |
How is pertussis transmitted? | Aerosol |
What is the incubation period of pneumonia? | 1-3 days |
Name the causative organism of scarlet fever. | Streptococcus pyrogens |
Goose pimples are the symptoms of | Scarlet fever |
How is scarlet fever transmitted? | Aerosol |
Dick test is the diagnostic method for | Scarlet fever |
Which toxin is released by Clostridium tetani? | Tetanospasmin |
Tetanospasmin affects which part of body? | Neuromuscular junction |
DPT vaccine is effective against | Diphtheria, Pertussis and Tetanus |
What is the incubation period of tetanus? | 4 days to 3 weeks |
Koch's disease is known as | Tuberculosis |
What is the diagnostic method for tuberculosis? | Mantoux test |
BCG vaccine is used for the prevention of | Tuberculosis |
Is the causative agent of typhoid motile? | Yes |
What is the incubation period of typhoid? | 1 to 3 weeks |
Which disease is also known as 'the clap'? | Gonorrhoea |
Can gonorrhoea be transmitted from mother to newborn? | Yes |
Is Clostridium botulinum gram negative? | No, it is gram positive |
How is anthrax transmitted? | Through spores of bacteria |
Can chlamydia be transmitted from mother to newborn? | Yes |
Can syphilis be transmitted through blood? | Yes |
What is the treatment of syphillis? | Penicillin |
Wassermann test is used to diagnose | Syphillis |
Rocky mountain spotted fever is caused by | Rickettsia rickettsi |
How is rocky mountain spotted fever transmitted? | Through bite of a tick |
Typhus fever is caused by | Rickettsia prowazekii |
Name the causative agent of small pox. | Variola virus |
What is the incubation period of smallpox? | 12 days |
Who created the vaccine for smallpox? | Edward Jenner |
Name the causative agent of chicken pox. | Varicella zoster |
Rashes with dew droplet on rose petal appearance are characteristic of which disease? | Chicken pox |
What is the difference between the pustules of chickenpox and smallpox? | Chicken Pox- Pustules leave no scar | SMall pox- pustules leave scars |
How is chicken pox transmitted? | Aerosol, contact |
Measles is caused by | Rubeola virus |
How is measles transmitted? | Aerosol, contact |
Koplik's spot inside mouth is the characteristic of | Measles |
Rubella/ german measles is caused by | Rubella virus |
What is the difference between the symptoms of measles and German measles? | The symptoms of German measles are similar to but milder than measles |
What is the incubation period of rabies? | 10 days to one year |
Rabies is a bacterial disease. True/ false? | False. Rabies is a viral disease |