Biology NEET - XII: Chapter 8- Human Health and Diseases Part 2
Hydrophobia, or fear of water, is a characteristic symptom of Rabies. It appears in the later stages of the disease due to severe throat muscle spasms triggered by attempts to drink, making swallowing extremely painful.
Hydrophobia is the characteristic of which disease?
Rabies
Key Terms
Hydrophobia is the characteristic of which disease?
Rabies
WHich is the causative agent of genital herpes?
Herpes Simplex Virus 2
Herpes simplex virus 1 causes
oral ulcers
How is herpes simplex virus 1 transmitted?
Through kissing
Which organism causes genital wartz?
Human papillomavirus (HPV)
INfluenza is caused by
Orthomyxovirus
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| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
Hydrophobia is the characteristic of which disease? | Rabies |
WHich is the causative agent of genital herpes? | Herpes Simplex Virus 2 |
Herpes simplex virus 1 causes | oral ulcers |
How is herpes simplex virus 1 transmitted? | Through kissing |
Which organism causes genital wartz? | Human papillomavirus (HPV) |
INfluenza is caused by | Orthomyxovirus |
Swine flu is caused by | H1N1 |
Can cold be prevented with vaccine? | There is no vaccine for it. |
Can influenza be prevented with vaccine? | yes |
Name the causative agent of yellow fever. | Flavi-virus |
WHich disease is also known as breakbone fever? | Dengue |
Name the causative agent of dengue. | Flavi Ribovirus |
Name the vector of dengue. | Aedes aegypti |
When does the Aedes aegypti bite? | During day time |
WHat are the symptoms of dengue? | Pain behind eyes, acute high fever, measles like rashes on skin, bleeding (from nose, mouth, gums and skin) in extreme cases. |
How is poliomyelitis transmitted? | Feco-oral route |
Where does poliovirus multiply in body? | In the intestine |
What is the symptom of polio? | Paralysis of skeletal muscle |
What does the injectable polio vaccine contain? | KIlled polio virus |
WHat does the oral polio vaccine contain? | Live but weakened virus |
Infectious parotitis is the other name for | Mumps |
Name the causative agent of mumps. | Mumps virus |
How is mumps transmitted? | Aerosol |
What is the symptom of mumps? | Swelling of parotid salivary gland |
Which types of hepatitis can be prevented by vaccine? | Hepatitis A Hepatitis B Hepatitis D |
How is hepatitis A transmitted? | Feco-oral route |
How is Hepatitis B transmitted? | sexually transmitted (body fluid) |
How is hepatitis C transmitted? | Blood transfusion, sharing of infected needles |
Which type of hepatitis occurs as coinfection with hepatitis B? | Hepatitis D |
In which organ does pre erythrocytic stage of malaria occur? | Liver |
By which process do sporozoites multiply in liver cells? | Schizogony (multiple fission) |
What are the stages of plasmodium in RBC? | Cryptozoites-> signet ring -> Amoeboid schizont -> Merozoites |
Merozoites differentiate into macrogametocyte and microgametocyte in the same RBC. True/False? | False. Merozoites differentiate into macrogametocyte and microgametocyte in different RBCs |
What kind of fertilisation happens between macrogamete and microgamete of plasmodium in mosquito? | Anisogamous fertilisation |
Ookinete of plasmodium develops a cyst wall and attaches to | Gut wall of mosquito |
What is the ploidy of ookinete of plasmodium? | 2n |
How many hosts does Ascaris have? | Only humans (monogenetic) |
Tinea pedis is known as | Athlete's foot |
Tinea capitis is the ringowrm of | Scalp |
Tinea barbae is the ringworm of | Beard area |
Tinea cruri is the ringworm of | Groin |
How does penicillin stop bacterial growth in body? | By inhibiting cell wall synthesis |
How do sulfonamides stop bacterial growth in body? | By inhibiting metabolic activity |
Which type of cells does HIV attack? | Cells with CD4 receptors |
THe spikes on HIV are made of | GP120 |
What is the transmembrane protein of HIV? | GP41 |
World's AIDS day is celebrated on | 1st December |
The most common cancers are of which type? | Carcinoma (85% of all cancers) |
Carcinoma are cancers caused due to malignant growth of | Epithelium |
Malignant growth of connective tissue causes | Sarcoma |
Osteoma is the | Bone sarcoma |
Myomia is the | Muscle sarcoma |
Adipoma is the | Adipose sarcoma |
What type of cancer is breast cancer? | Carcinoma |
WHat type of cancer is lung cancer? | Carcinoma |
WHat type of cancer is skin cancer? | Carcinoma |
Adenoma is the cancer of | Glands |
When is world cancer day celebrated? | 4th Feb |
What type of cancer are caused by soot and coal tar? | Skin and lung cancer |
What type of cancer are caused by smoke? | Lung cancer |
What type of cancer are caused by mustard gas? | Lung cancer |
What type of cancer are caused by cadmium oxide? | Prostate cancer |
What type of cancer are caused by diethylstilbestrol (DSB)? | Vaginal |
What type of cancer are caused by aflatoxin? | Liver cancer |
What type of cancer are caused by vinyl chloride? | Liver cancer |
Which stem cells of bone marrow produce erythrocyte and platelets? | Myelinoid stem cells |
Which stem cells of bone marrow produce natural killer cells? | Lymphoid stem cells |
Which is known as the training school of T-lymphocytes? | THymus |
Innate immunity is found in both vertebrates and invertebrates. True/false? | True |
Acquired immunity is found in both vertebrates and invertebrates. True/false? | False. Acquired immunity is found in vertebrates alone. |
First line of defence is formed by | Physical barriers and physiological barriers |
Second line of defence is formed by | Cellular barriers and cytokine barriers |
Which chemicals do natural killer cells secrete to kill virus infected cells? | Perforin and granzymes |
Natural killer cells are granulated. True/false? | True |
What is interleukin-1? | Interleukin 1 is produced by leukocytes and it is a pyrogenic chemical. |
Which cells secrete interferon-alpha? | Leukocytes |
Which cells secrete interferon-beta? | Fibroblasts |
Which cells secrete interferon-gamma? | Natural killer cells |
Blood complimentary system is formed by | 30 kinds of plasma proteins secreted by liver |
What forms the third lne of defence? | Acquired immunity |
WHich T-lymphocytes are known as commander of immune system? | Helper T cells |
Which lymphocyte starts donor rejection reaction? | Helper T-cells |
What is the part of antigen which binds with antibody called? | Epitope |
What is the part of antibody which binds with antigen called? | Paratope |
Which antibody is a dimer? | IgA |
Which antibody is a pentamer? | IgM |
Which antibodies are monomers? | IgA, IgD, IgE |
Which is the first antibody formed in fetal life? | IgM |
WHich is the first formed antibody during primary response? | IgM |
Which is the antibody formed in secondary response? | IgG |
Who is the father of active immunity? | Edward Jenner |
What does MMR vaccine contain? | Attenuated pathogen |
What does rabies vaccine contain? | Inactivated pathogen |
What does typhoid vaccine contain? | Inactivated pathogen |
What does DPT vaccine contain? | Diphtheria toxoid |
What type of vaccine is human papilloma virus vaccine? | Recombinant vaccine |
Isografting is done between | Two twins |
Allografting is done between | Two individuals of the same species |
Genes for major histocompatibility complex are present on which chromosome? | Chromosome 6 |
What type of mental illnesses are categorised as neurosis | In which patient is aware and ready to seek help |
What type of mental illnesses are categorised as psychosis? | In which patient is unaware and not ready to seek help |
Mental disability occurs due to | Injured/underdeveloped part of brain |
Schizophrenia is caused due to | Excess of dopamine |
Alzeihmer's disease is caused due to | Deficiency of acetylcholine |
Parkinson's disease is caused due to | Dopamine deficiency |
Epilepsy occurs due to | Recurrent seizures because of disturbance in electrical activity of brain |
What are psychotropic drugs? Which drugs are classified as psychotropic? | Mood altering drugs | Tranquilizers and sedatives, opiate narcotics, coca alkaloids |
What are psychedelic drugs? | Hallucinogen |
What type of drug is valium? | Psychotropic, sedative |
Is caffeine a stimulant or depressant? | Stimulant |
Amphetamines are synthetic analogues of | Adrenaline |
Codeine is used in which medicines? | Cough syrups |
Which is the most potent hallucinogen? | LSD |
LSD is obtained from which fungi? | Claviceps purpura |
Cannabis leaves are used to make which drug? | Bhang |
Dried cannabis flowers are used to make which drug? | Marijuana, ganja |