Chapter 6: The Human Body Part 1

Superficial landmarks of the body

Position of reference in which the pt is standing facing you, arms @ the side with the palms of hands facing forward

Imaginary straight lines that divide the body

Divides the body into a front or back position

Divides the body into a top and body portion

Divides the body into left and right portions( not necessarily equal

Type of sagittal plane when the body is divided into equal left and right halves

Gives the body recognizable human form and protects vital internal organs (206 bones) (designed to allow motion)

Fibrous tissues that connect bones to each other

Ropelike structures that connective tissue that covers the ends of bones @ the mobile joints

The smooth connective tissue that covers the ends of the bones @ the mobile joints

Forms the foundation to which the arms and legs are attached (skull, facial bones, thoracic cage, vertebral column)

Made up of the arms and legs and their connecting joints, and the pelvis

temporal bones - lateral portions
parietal bones - lie in between the occiput and temporal regions
frontal bones - forehead

14 bones

maxillae - upper jaw

zygomas - cheek bones

mandible - lower jaw

orbit - eye socket (2 facial bones)

1. cervical - first 7 vertebrae (c-1 to c-7)

2. thoracic - next 12 vertebrae (pair of ribs attached to each)

3. lumbar - next 5 vertebrae

4. sacrum - next 5 sacral vertebrae fused together
   (sacrum)

5. coccyx - last 4 vertebrae fused together to form the tailbone

Wherever bones come in contact a joint is formed

Virtually surrounded by tough, thick ligaments will have little motion

Moving joint ends are covered w a thin layer of cartilage (pearly white) allows bones to glide easily

Inner lining of the joint capsule

Thick lubricant that they synovial membrane makes - allows bones to glide over one another w/o rubbing and grating

Ball and socket hinge joint

Larger in the proximal forearm (helps form elbow joint)(medial/pinky side)

Larger in the distal forearm (lies on lateral/thumb side)

Modified ball and socket joint (8 bones)

Composed of phalanges

Closed bony ring composed of 3 bones ( sacrum and (2) pelvic bones

Has cartilage that allows for slight motion of ones side of the pelvis over the other

Where the leg connects to the hip joint and is formed where the ilium and ischium and pubic bones meet

Where the femur connects into acetabulum (pelvic girdle)

Projection on the lateral/superior portion of the junction between the femoral neck and shaft

Projection on the medial/inferior portion of the junction between the femoral neck and shaft

Knee cap

Hinge joint, allows flexion and extension of foot on the leg

Heel bone