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Anatomy and Physiology /Digestive System Physiology

Digestive System Physiology

Anatomy and Physiology10 CardsCreated 20 days ago

This deck covers the structure and function of the digestive system, including the digestive tract, accessory glands, and processes such as digestion, absorption, and secretion.

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What are the main components of the digestive system?

The digestive system consists of the digestive tract (oral cavity, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine) and accessory glands (salivary glands, liver, pancreas).

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Definition

What are the main components of the digestive system?

The digestive system consists of the digestive tract (oral cavity, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine) and accessory glands...

What is the role of the intestinal wall layers?

The intestinal wall has layers: mucosa (with exocrine glands), submucosa, muscular layer (circular and longitudinal fibers), and serosa (absent in the...

How do smooth muscle fibers in the intestine function?

Smooth muscle fibers are arranged in bundles, connected by gap junctions, allowing rapid intercellular signal transmission, functioning as a syncytium...

What is the function of digestive secretions?

Digestive secretions, produced by glands in response to food, include enzymes and mucus, aiding in digestion and protection of the digestive tract.

What role does the enteric nervous system play?

The enteric nervous system, with Meissner's and Auerbach's plexuses, controls digestive tract motility and secretion through neurotransmitters like ac...

What is mastication and its purpose?

Mastication is the mechanical processing of food in the oral cavity, involving teeth and muscles, to form a food bolus mixed with saliva.

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Digestive System Physiology

Term	Definition
What are the main components of the digestive system?	The digestive system consists of the digestive tract (oral cavity, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine) and accessory glands (salivary glands, liver, pancreas).
What is the role of the intestinal wall layers?	The intestinal wall has layers: mucosa (with exocrine glands), submucosa, muscular layer (circular and longitudinal fibers), and serosa (absent in the esophagus and distal rectum).
How do smooth muscle fibers in the intestine function?	Smooth muscle fibers are arranged in bundles, connected by gap junctions, allowing rapid intercellular signal transmission, functioning as a syncytium.
What is the function of digestive secretions?	Digestive secretions, produced by glands in response to food, include enzymes and mucus, aiding in digestion and protection of the digestive tract.
What role does the enteric nervous system play?	The enteric nervous system, with Meissner's and Auerbach's plexuses, controls digestive tract motility and secretion through neurotransmitters like acetylcholine and VIP.
What is mastication and its purpose?	Mastication is the mechanical processing of food in the oral cavity, involving teeth and muscles, to form a food bolus mixed with saliva.
Describe the phases of swallowing (deglutition).	Swallowing involves three phases: oral (voluntary), pharyngeal (involuntary), and esophageal (involuntary), moving the bolus to the stomach.
What are the roles of saliva?	Saliva aids in digestion (via amylase and lipase), has bactericidal properties, stimulates taste receptors, maintains oral mucosa, and helps in excretion.
How is gastric secretion regulated?	Gastric secretion is regulated by neural and humoral mechanisms, with phases: cephalic, gastric, and intestinal, involving stimuli like acetylcholine and gastrin.
What are the main enzymes in pancreatic secretion?	Pancreatic enzymes include proteolytic enzymes (trypsin, chymotrypsin), amylase, and lipases, essential for digesting proteins, carbohydrates, and fats.