EKG, Hemostasis, and Hematology Fundamentals Part 2
Topics include EKG interpretation (P-wave, RR interval, SA node function), stages of hemostasis, blood vessel anatomy, blood composition, and common laboratory procedures like electrophoresis and occult blood testing. Ideal for students in phlebotomy, nursing, or medical assisting programs preparing for clinical assessments or certification exams.
Urine Specific gravity
The ratio of weight of a given colume of urine to the weight of the same volume of distilled water at a constant temperature
Key Terms
Urine Specific gravity
The ratio of weight of a given colume of urine to the weight of the same volume of distilled water at a constant temperature
Glycosuria
presence of glucose in the urine
Symptoms of patients with diabetes mellitus
glycosuria, polyuria, and thirst
A urine pH of what is considered neutral?
7.0 pH
the copper reaction test is used for what?
screening for glucose in urine
The presence of leukocytes in urine is an indicator for what?
bacteruria or UTI
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| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
Urine Specific gravity | The ratio of weight of a given colume of urine to the weight of the same volume of distilled water at a constant temperature |
Glycosuria | presence of glucose in the urine |
Symptoms of patients with diabetes mellitus | glycosuria, polyuria, and thirst |
A urine pH of what is considered neutral? | 7.0 pH |
the copper reaction test is used for what? | screening for glucose in urine |
The presence of leukocytes in urine is an indicator for what? | bacteruria or UTI |
Urine Screening for UCG or HCG | Pregnancy Test |
HIPPA is for? | Patient Confidentiality |
The four elements of Negligence | Duty, duty of care, derelict= breach of duty of care, direct cause, damage |
Tort | Wrongful act that results in injury to one person to another |
Examples of Tort | Battery, invasion of privacy, defamation of character |
Defamation of character by written statement is considered | libel |
Consists of injury to another person's reputation , name or character through spoken (slander) or written (libel) | Defamation of character |
unpriveleged touching | Battery |
The release of medical records with out the patient's knowledge or permission | Invasion of privacy |
Good Samaritan Law | Rendering first aid within the scope of knowledge by a health care worker with out fear of being sued for negligence |
Hypothalamus | regulates and maintains body temperature |
Functions necessary for life | heart function, blood pressure, respiration, temperature |
Rectal Temperature range in celsius | 37.0 -38.1 C |
Oral temperature range in Fahrenheit | 97.6-99.6 F |
Axillary temperature range in celsius | 35.9-37.0C |
Tympanic temperature range in F and C | 98.6 F and 37C |
Intermittent fever | Fluctuating fever that returns to or below the baseline then rises again |
Remittent Fever | Fluctuating, remains elevated and does not return to baseline |
Continuous Fever | remains constant above baseline, does not flucuate |
Rectal temperature is not taken from the following patients | Patients with heart disease |
WHen taking axillary temerature how long should it be taken | 5-10 mins or as required by office policy |
Pulse is taken where and how long | radial for 30sec x2, if tachy or brady take it 1 minute |
Explain blood pressure | measurement of amount of force blood excertes on peripheral artery walls |
BP cuffs too short and narrow can give false reading of what? | Hypertension |
Taking BP hearing two consecutive beats gives which reading | Systolic |
Patient laying on back with knees flexed, soles of feet on bed | Dorsal recumbant |
This position is used to promote drainage or ease of breathing | Fowler's |
This position is used for examination of the pelvic organs | Dorsal Lithotomy |
Prone position is used for | used to examine back and spine |
patient lays on his/her stomach with head turned to one side for comfort | prone position |
Patient in on left side with the right knee flexed against abdomen | Sim's position |
Patients with leg injuries or arthritis can not assume this position | Sim's position |
This position is usually used for taking rectal temperature | Sim's position |
This position is usually used for rectal or vaginal examination | Knee Chest |
This position is used for surgical procedures of pelvic abdomen and also for shock treatment | Trendelenburg |
Never leave the patient alone in the room when he/she is in this position | Knee Chest |
This position is used for surgical procedures of pelvic and abdomen and also for shock treatment | Trendelenburg |
If skin or eyes come in contact with chemicals wash area with water for ? | 5 minutes |
MSDS | Material Safety Data Sheet |
What are the symptoms of shock | plale cold clammy skin, blank stare, rapid weak pulse, fast shallow breathing |
First aid for shock | Open airway, call assistance, position head lower, control bleed if any, keep warm |
Modes of transmission | contact (direct or indirect) droplet, airborne, common vehicle, vector |
What is the least expensive and most available disinfectant for surfaces | 1:10 bleach solution |
Define surgical asepsis | All microbial life, pathogen and non pathogens are destroyed |
What is used at 250-254F, 15 pounds of pressure for 20-40 minutes | Autoclave |
Used for instruments that easily corrode | dry heat sterilization |
What is the most important means of preventing the spread of infections? | Handwashing |
PPE includes? | mask, goggles, face shields, respirator |
What defines standard precautions? | All patients are presumed to be infective for blood borne pathogens |
This is an infection control method designed to prevent direct contact with blood or other body fluids | Standard precautions |
This replaces universal precautions and body substance isolation | Standard precautions |
Don gloves, face shields if danger of splashing, dispose of all needles with out recappiong into the sharps container | Standard Precautions |
This is the second tier of precautions used when patient is contagious | Transmission based precautions |
Define contact precautions | Reducing the risk of transmission of microorganisms direct or indirect |
Special air handling and ventilation are required to prevent | Airborne diseases under Airborne Precautions |
This is an emerging and important problem in the health care field | Latex Sensitivity |
Every health care worker with this latex allergy should wear this | Medical alert bracelet |
po | Per oral |
pr | Per rectum/suppository |
sl | sublingual under tongue |
IM | Intramuscular |
SQ | Subcutaneous |
qd | every day |
bid | twice a day |
tid | three times a day |
qid | four times a day |
pc | post consumption/ after a meal |
qhs | each night or at bed time |
prn | as necessary or when needed |
sig | from the latin, let it be labeled |
The inner most layer of the heart | endocardium |
a muscular hollow organ located in thoracic cavity between lungs | the heart |
actually the inner visceral layer of the pericardium | Epicardium |
the sac containing the heart | pericardium |