EKG, Hemostasis, and Hematology Fundamentals Part 3

prevents friction as the heart beats

Right Atrium

Right Ventricle

Left Ventricle

Tricuspid and Mitral (bicuspid ) valves

Aortic and pulmonic

Mitral or bicuspid

pulmonic valve

murmors

Murmors

S1 in the upper chambers or the atria

second heart sound due to the closure of the aortic and pulmonic valves

right and left coronary from the aorta

right and left coronary from the aorta

sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system

both, the atria and the ventricles by increasing heart rate conduction and irritability

atria only by decreasing heart rate, conduction and irritability

ability of the cardiac cells to initiate own electrical impulses without outside stimulation

ability of cardiac cells to respond to external stimulus

ability of cardiac cells to shorten (muscle contraction) in response to electrical stimulus

Drugs that increase the contractility of the heart

repolarization

Internodal pathway

Purkinje fibers

3 bipolar and 3 augmented leads

Lead I, Lead II, Lead III and the chest leads

the left leg is positive

right leg

movement away from the isoelectric line either positive or negative

waveform plus a segment

Several waveforms

0.11s in duration or 2.5 mm in height

Amplitude or voltage

point at which QRS complex ends and the ST segment begins

from J point to the onset of the T wave

Evaluation of a patient withchest pain and a normal ekg, arrythmia, monitoring a pt, with a recent MI

85%

hemoglobin x 3

The percentage by colume of packed red blood cells in a given sample of blood after centrifugation

polycythemia

85% of the target rate is achieved

adeosine, dipyridamole, dobutamine

electrical impulses originating from somewhere else but the SA node

Electrical impulses of the heart bypass the normal pathway and instead go down an accessory shortcut

electrical impulses go down but encounter blocks and delays

SOB (shortness of breath), chest pain, dizziness, blood pressure abnormalities

decrease in amount of blood flow

The presence of abnormal Q waves

Triponin, CK, LDH, SGOT, AST

A negative holter will have no significant arrhythmias or ST changes

24 hours or longer

To rule out arrhythmia's or ischemia

5

Tachy or bradycardia, ST segment elevation or depression, pauses

Oxigen, Epinephrine, Isoproterenol, Dopamine (Intropin) Beta blocker (olol), Lidocaine, Verapamil, Digitalis, Morphine, Nitroglycerin

Nitroglycerin patch or SL

increases the force of cardiac contractions as well as cardiac output, tocicity in 20% of patients

Winged infusion set

patient ID

15-30 degrees

Fasting

Wipe away the first drop

Hormone levels, blood levels of medications, monitor PT condition E.G. Hemoglobin level *internal bleeding )

Urine Sample

0700-0900 7-9am

evaluation of diabetes mellitus

Diagnosing diabetis mellitius and evaluating patients with frequent low blood sugar

To test for hyperglycemia

To test for hypoglycemia, for disorders of carbohydrate metaolism

Tests for babies and to detect phenylketouria, a genetic disease that causes mental retardation and brain damage

Antibodies produced in response to atypical pneumonia must be kept at 37c

Chilled in crushed ice and water mixture

Bile

ESR, BC

Example of the patient bill of rights for pain management

Apical pulse

Difficulty breathing when laying flat

Regular pattern of irregular breathing rate

Room prep, patient prep, assisting the doctor

Physical, chemical , biological

Never draw a pipette by mouth

Shock

Any infective microorganisms, viruses,fungi, bacteria, and parasites

Water, food, drinking from the same glass, kissing

AV junction, bundle of HIS

aVR, aVL, aVF

Bleeding time test

9-12 days

10-12ml Syringes

Light Blue sodium citrate tube to maintain a ratio of 9:1