Emergency Medical Training (EMT/EMS) Part 4
This deck covers key concepts in emergency medical training, focusing on conditions such as pulmonary edema, pneumothorax, cystic fibrosis, myocardial ischemia, heart failure, and various types of seizures.
non cardiogenic pulmonary edema:
destruction of capillary beds; inflammation, alveolar/capillary walls destroyed; fluid moves in and around alvelli
Key Terms
non cardiogenic pulmonary edema:
destruction of capillary beds; inflammation, alveolar/capillary walls destroyed; fluid moves in and around alvelli
s/s of pneumothorax:
sudden SOB; sharp stabbing pain; decreased breath sounds on ONE side; subcutaneous empheysema
what is cystic fibrosis:
pulmonary disfunction as well as changes in mucus secreting glands that block airway;
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| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
non cardiogenic pulmonary edema: | destruction of capillary beds; inflammation, alveolar/capillary walls destroyed; fluid moves in and around alvelli |
s/s of pulmonary edema | tachycardia; anxiety; tripod; crackles, cyanosis, JVD |
pneumothorax | rupter of protion of lung where air enteres the pleural cavity; |
s/s of pneumothorax: | sudden SOB; sharp stabbing pain; decreased breath sounds on ONE side; subcutaneous empheysema |
what is contraindicated in a pnemothorax: | CPAP; you must use a bvm |
what is cystic fibrosis: | pulmonary disfunction as well as changes in mucus secreting glands that block airway; |
s/s of cystic fibrosis: | thick mucus when coughing; gastrointestional complaints; ab pain; malnutrition; malaise; reoccuring cough |
what is hyperventilation syndrom | patient is really excited and breaths faster and deeper |
s/s of hyperventilation syndrome | fatigue nervous dizzy; calcium levels decrease so mucles in hands and feet cramp |
epiglottis: | common in pediatrics; inflammation of the UPPER airway |
s/s of epiglottis | dyspnea; fever; sore throat; cyanosis |
what type fo breathing is found in epiglottis: | stridor |
what is whooping cough: | UPPER airway infection; highly contagious; starts as cold can progress to pneumonia |
respiratory distress in pedis: | retractions are an early sign; grunting; see-saw breathing, increased accessory muscle use |
respiratory failure in pedis: | head bobbing, see saw breathing; core cyanosis; loss of muscle tone; bradycardia; absent breath sounds; hypotention |
what is the postion of comfort for respiratory emergencys? | flowlers |
kussmaul sign: | JDV during inhalation and returns to normal during exhalation; indicates severely increased pressure in chest or around the heart |
myocardial ischemia: | insufficient fuels getting to heart cells; causes irritation |
ischemic chest pain | constant; not changing with movement or palpation; indication of myociaridal ischemia; causes referred pain bc heart has no sensory nerves |
atherosclerosis: | buildup of fat and cholesterol; |
s/s of acute coronary syndromes: | crushing, pressure, squeezing, radiate ot arm, shoulder back; constant; pale cool skin; nausea, dizziness, synocpe; abnormla heart beats; shortness of breath |
s/s of a heart attack: | radiating chest discomfort; anxiety; dyspnea; sense of impending doom; diaphresis; vommiting; rapid and irregular pulse; JDV; edema |
what is a silent MI | heart attack; common in women, elderly, diabetics; no chest pain; but yes shortnes of breath, nasuea, lightheadedness and weakness |
angia pectoris: | temporary interruption of fuel; 'chest pain' |
s/s of angia pectoris: | cardiac chest pain; radiating; cool clammy anxiety, diaphroesis; treat with nitro |
thoracic aortic aneurysm/dissection: | aneuryms: occurs when weakened section of aortic wall begins to dilate; pulsating mass |
reperfusion: | return of blood to an area that was once ischemic; increased o2 increases number of free radicals which lead to cell death; use nasal cannula 2lmp |
what is congestive heart failure | bulidup of fluid in the body resulting from the pump failure of the heart |
s/s of CHF: | crackles, rales, rhonchi in airway; high blood pressure; altered mental status; wants to sit upright; |
what does left sided heart failure lead to | pulmonary edema |
what does right sided heart failure lead to: | perifpehral edema; JVD; liver enlargement; respiratory distress |
thrombus: | clot forms and blocks off circulation |
embolism: | something floats into and clogs the cerebral circulation |
aneurysm: | ruptured blood vessel leading to massive hemmorage |
ischemic shock: | when cerebral artery is blocked by clot or foreign matter; CAN recieve fibriniolytic |
hemmorhagic: | rupture of an artery that causes bleeding in the brain |
TIA | transient ischemic attack; same s/s as a stroke patient but can recover completely in 24 hours; not purminant |
vascular headaches: | occur bc of dilation or distention of vessels or inflamation in the cranium |
clustur headaches | have vascular origin; excruciating pain on one side; drooping eyelids |
tension headaches: | caused by contraction of muscles of neck/scalp; most common; radiates to |
4 phases of a seizure: | aura; tonic; clonic; postictial |
grand mal seizures (primary): | both hemishperes of the brain; lasts only a few minues; loss of conciousness |
simple partial: | will remain concious; |
complex partial: | altered mental status; awake but in daze and unaware |
secondary seizure: | occur as a result of 'insult' to the body |
absence seizure: | loss of awareness characterized by a blank stare; mistaken for daydreaming |
fibrile | young age; due to rapid temperature increase |
status seizure | prolonged seizure that lasts greater than ten minutes; hypoxia is a threat; |
syncope: | fainting; usually occurs when a person is standing; place supine |
type 1 diabetes: | no significant isulin production; requires doses of insulin; DKA ->hyperglycemic condition |