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Fundamentals of Nursing Exam 2: Chapter 40 Part 2
A set of 30 flashcards covering key concepts from Chapter 40 Part 2 of Fundamentals of Nursing Exam 2, including parts of the lower airway, respiratory assessments, diagnostic tests, and promoting optimal functioning.
What is the largest part of the lower airway?
trachea
right and left mainstem bronchi
segmental bronchi
terminal bronchioles
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Key Terms
Term
Definition
What is the largest part of the lower airway?
trachea
right and left mainstem bronchi
segmental bronchi
terminal bronchioles
What increased risk do older adults have, especially for pneumonia?
Disease
What is included in the assessment portion of the nursing process?
Usual patterns of respiration, medications, health history, recent changes, lifestyle and environment, cough, sputum, pain, dyspnea, fever, and fatigu...
What is inspected during the physical exam for the nursing process?
General appearance, respiratory rate, color (cyanosis, pallor), structural abnormalities of the chest, and rhythm and depth.
What are intermittent sounds when air moves through airways that contain fluid called?
Crackles
How are crackles classified?
Fine, medium, or coarse.
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| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
What is the largest part of the lower airway? |
|
What increased risk do older adults have, especially for pneumonia? | Disease |
What is included in the assessment portion of the nursing process? | Usual patterns of respiration, medications, health history, recent changes, lifestyle and environment, cough, sputum, pain, dyspnea, fever, and fatigue. |
What is inspected during the physical exam for the nursing process? | General appearance, respiratory rate, color (cyanosis, pallor), structural abnormalities of the chest, and rhythm and depth. |
What are intermittent sounds when air moves through airways that contain fluid called? | Crackles |
How are crackles classified? | Fine, medium, or coarse. |
What are continuous sounds heard as air passes through airways constricted by swelling, secretions, or tumors called? | Wheezes |
What is a chest x-ray used for? | Diagnosis |
What is arterial blood gas (ABG) used for? | Oxygenation and ventilation. |
What is tested with a complete blood count (CBC)? | Hemoglobin (Hgb), hematocrit (Hct), and white blood cell (WBC) count. |
What is an ECG used for? | Testing the electrical activity of the heart. |
What do PFTs test? | Respiratory function. |
What measures arterial oxyhemoglobin saturation (SaO2)? | Pulse oximetry |
What tool measures ventilation and blood flow through the lungs indirectly? | Capnography |
What is puncturing the chest wall to remove pleural fluid from pleural space called? | Thoracentesis |
What are the two types of thoracentesis? | Diagnostic and therapeutic. |
What are included in the post-procedure of thoracentesis? | Assessing for changes in respirations, hemoptysis or severe cough, and obtaining a chest x-ray after. |
What are examples of promoting optimal functioning? | Healthy lifestyle, vaccinations, pollution-free environments, reducing anxiety, and maintaining good nutrition. |
What is a healthy lifestyle? | Regular exercise, healthy diet, and maintaining a healthy weight. |
What are the two vaccinations needed for optimal functioning? | Influenza and pneumococcus. |
What does the CDC recommend for all adults 65yo+, 2-64yo with certain medical conditions, and 19-64yo who smoke? | PPSV23 |
What minimizes triggers in home or work and smoking cessation? | Pollution-free environments |
What are examples of reducing anxiety? | A caring attitude with active listening skills and attempting to understand the pt's life experience and habits without judgement. |
What are examples of maintaining good nutrition? | Smaller but more frequent meals, oral hygiene, rest periods, and high protein/high calorie meals. |
What promotes comfort? | Positioning, adequate fluid intake, and humidified air/oxygen. |
What are the two kinds of positioning? | Comfort and therapeutic. |
What makes up adequate fluid intake? | Thin secretions and insensible losses. |
What are examples of promoting proper breathing? | Using incentive spirometry, deep breathing, pursed-lip breathing, and diaphragmatic breathing. |
What reduces respiratory rate, increases alveolar ventilation, and expels as much air as possible? | Diaphragmatic breathing |
What is seen in slow and prolonged expiration? | Pursed-lip breathing |